The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Synthesis Conclusion - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 906 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/05/17 Category Literature Essay Level High school Topics: Huckleberry Finn Essay Mark Twain Essay Did you like this example? The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain is considered one of his and Americas finest novels. It follows a runaway boy and a slave making their way through the American South in the early 1800s, making it a realistic story of what life was like during that time. Twain goes where most Americans dont want to go, using racial slurs and discussing what really happened in the early days of the United States. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn: Synthesis Conclusion" essay for you Create order The book brilliantly starts ethical and cultural conversations, but in order to understand the deep meaning of the book, one must have great literary skills. And the high school students around America who are required to read this complex novel dont have the ability or skill to understand what Twain wrote. When high school students read the novel, they cannot fully grasp the complexity of it, so much of Twains work goes to waste. Twains novel should not be a required text in American high schools due to the academic maturity needed to understand the text. In his novel, Twain used many advanced literary techniques that were seen as absurd, compared to other texts from the time, to nineteenth-century critics. In a criticism of the novel, author T.S. Elliot discussed the advanced language from the book. She described it as, an innovation, a new discovery in the English language that no other authors were able to accomplish. One of the techniques Twain used on each and every page of the book was the change in dialect between characters. To a highly educated reader, this demonstrates the different personalities from character to character as well as Mark Twains racial stance. But to a normal reader, this complexity can be seen as inconsistent and childish. The less educated person would not have the skill to recognize the ingenuity of this writing style, while a more experienced reader has been trained to pick up on what Twain is communicating. Huckleberry Finn also includes what some think to be explicit and offensive language. Without ad vanced literary knowledge and careful observation, the term nigger is easily mistaken as racist. To a normal reader, this term can appear as offensive to the black race. In his criticism, Huck, Jim, and American, Racial Discourse, David Smith shows that nigger is neither to offend nor merely to provide linguistic authenticity. He explores the idea of Frontier humor which is another vessel for Twain to satirically convey his views of society. Only the most intelligent readers have the ability to recognize the satire behind his views. Most high school students do not possess the ability to dissect and to comprehend the complex literary content of Twains novel. High school students dont have the ability to understand the content surrounding cultural interactions. Children in todays society have been sheltered their whole lives and dont have any experience with cultural concepts through Americas history. Mike Luckovich composed a comic to explain the lack of exposure in the youth of todays society. His comic shows a teacher saying Mark Twain used the n-word 219 times in Huck Finn he was one of the nineteenth centurys greatest and a student interrupts gangsta rappers? Luckovichs comic demonstrates that Americas students have barely if at all, experienced cultural diversity. Many are not in the correct location to learn hands-on what historical America looked like. Twains book takes place in the South where the ratio of African Americans is much greater than in other regions of the US, where the majority of the population is white. Author Jane Smiley explains that black Americans understand racism as a way of structuring American culture. Her statement explains that few students in todays society can fully grasp on to the concept of the development of American culture from racism. The racial and culture concepts presented in Huckleberry Finn cannot be understood by high school students and can easily confuse them due to inexperience. Twains novel contains ethical controversy which gives it its relevance, but the concept of it can be challenging to understand. The biggest question surrounding this novel among critics, authors, and readers since the nineteenth century is whether Twains perspective is ethical or not. Toni Morrison wrote about this in his criticism, This Amazing Troubling Book. She wrote that the novel was complicated territory for sophisticated scholars let alone young students. Morrison discussed how complicated and difficult it was for her to read the novel at a young age and explored how even the most advanced readers struggle with Twains ethical stance. She expressed how even after her years of literary study and experience she still cannot grasp on to if Twain is ethical or not. The ethical conversations alone makes The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn a deeply complex novel. One of Mark Twains finest novels, Huckleberry Finn, contains important cultural and ethical conversations related to Amer icas troubled history. He goes in depth into the early days of the United States and goes where no other author during his time was brave enough to go. The deep complexity of the novel can only be understood by highly educated scholars and those with academic maturity. Yet, thousands of students in American high schools read Twains novel every year. These students dont have the experience or ability to understand the advanced literary techniques in the novel. Due to the academic maturity needed to understand the text, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn should not be a required text in American high schools.

Descriptive Essay About Mexico - 1197 Words

Mexico Mayhem When most people think of things going wrong, especially on a vacation, they get stressed out. People take extra precautions when planning a vacation to make sure everything goes as planned. What most people don’t realize is that the times that are the most memorable are the ones that don’t go as expected. These situations, on vacations or in everyday life, can be important memories to think about later. People can learn a lot about themselves by being in a situation outside of their comfort zone. When people have to deal with a situation that they didn’t plan, it can be an important learning moment. I experienced many unpredictable situations when I went on a vacation to Mexico with my family, a couple years ago. The†¦show more content†¦After a long and confusing day, we headed back to the house and thought about all the adventures to come. The next few days were full of time at the beach and experiencing many new things. Ernie took us to almost every place in town. The first spot we went to was the local grocery store to get food that we could make at the house. The grocery store was so full of people that it looked like a shopping mall on Black Friday. I saw many bizarre foods that I had never seen at home before. We also went to an elementary school, which was very different than any school I had seen at home. Almost all of it was outside and all of the classrooms were disconnected from each other. It was really interesting to see something so different. Later that night, we went to the town’s carnival. The few rides that they did have were so rickety that my parents were scared when my sister and I were on them. They were giving away many strange things as prizes, including pet chickens and alcohol to anyone who wanted it. A 12 year old boy won a beer at one of the games and gave it to my dad. Even though it was different than any other fair I had been to, it was still an interesting experience. The next day we went to a party with Ernie at Scott and Jenny’s, and old rich couple’s house. During the party I tried to talk to Paloma, Ernie’s wife, the best that I could. She barely spoke any English, but we both tried our best toShow MoreRelatedThe Revolution Of Texas Revolution1550 Words   |  7 PagesEssay on Texas Revolution Texas Revolution, a rebellion in late 1835 and early 1836 by residents of Texas, then a part of northern Mexico, against the Mexican government and military. The rebellion led to the establishment of the independent Republic of Texas. The short-lived republic was annexed by the United States as a state in 1845. 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Purchase Bond With Market Price Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Why we don't purchase bond when the market price is higher than fair price? Answer: Bonds are not purchased when the market price is higher than the fair price of the bond due to the fact that bond is a fixed interest bearing security and therefore has a less amount of liquidity. If the market price of the bond increases then it suggests that there exists volatility in the market, which may lead to rise in risks. Share has an increased amount of liquidity and hence when the bond is available at the fair price, then the bond can be purchased at this rate rather than the market price. This can be fundamental for the making earnings with the help of capital gains for the bond. The availability of market volatility leads to fall and rise in the market price of the bond and hence in order to gain a fixed income bonds are purchased at the fair price rather than at the market price. Bibliography Becker, B. and Ivashina, V., 2015. Reaching for yield in the bond market. The Journal of Finance, 70(5), pp.1863-1902. Bodie, Z., 2013. Investments. McGraw-Hill.

Questions in the Kite Runner Essay Sample free essay sample

1. What did Baba make up ones mind to build and pay for? 2. Why do you believe Amir lied to Baba and told him that Hassan had â€Å"the runs† when they were approximately to go forth for the orphanhood gap? 3. Why did Amir state to Baba. â€Å" I think I have sataran† ( Cancer ) ? 4. What was Baba’s response when the air current knocked his chapeau to the land and everyone laughed at him during his dedication address to the orphanhood? What does this state about his character? 5. Describe in item Baba’s married woman. 6. What has Amir learned at school about alcoholic drinks? How does this differ from what his male parent tells him? What does his male parent state him about intoxicant and about his instructors? 7. What is the lone wickedness harmonizing to Baba? Explain how this is so. 8. How did Amir flight from Baba’s â€Å"aloofness† ( p. 19 ) What did Amir win at school? How did Baba respond? 9. What did Baba desire Amir to be interested in? How did Amir respond? 10. What major event happened at the Equus caballus races that disquieted Amir so severely? How did Baba respond? 11. How do the vicinity boys dainty Amir? 12. What does Rahim Khan say is losing in Amir? How does Amir confute him in what he says to Hassan the following forenoon? 13. What is your sentiment of Amir’s character? 14. What is your sentiment of Baba? Kite Runner QuestionsChapter 4 1. What was the consequence of the accident in 1933 when two drunk work forces hit and killed a Hazara twosome and orphaned a five twelvemonth old? What was the rummy men’s penalty? † 2. Who was the small male child. and what did Amir’s gramps do to assist him? 3. How does Amir depict his relationship with Hassan on pg. 25? What grounds does Amir give for non keeping Amir so near? 4. List at least five things that Amir and Hassan did together when they were younger. 5. What did Amir and Hassan spend their allowance on each hebdomad? 6. Describe in item Hassan and Amir’s daily agenda. 7. What would Amir make for Hassan as they at Punica granatums? Explain why Hassan is illiterate. 8. Explain the undermentioned quotation mark. â€Å" But despite his illiteracy. or possibly because of it. Hassan was drawn to the enigma of words. seduced by a secret universe forbidden to him. † 9. What did Amir make when they came across a large word that Hassan didn’t cognize? What does this state about Amir’s character? How does this do you experience approximately Hassan as you read? 10. When Amir started to experience guilty. what would he make to do it up to Hassan? Do you believe that this truly makes up for Amir’s actions? Why or why non? 11. What was the boy’s favourite narrative in the Shahnamah? What was it about? 12. What was the 2nd fast one that Amir played on Hassan? What does Hassan unwittingly tell him? 13. Amir is inspired to compose a short narrative. What was it about? Do you like his dark small narrative? ( 30-31 ) ? Chapter 8 Quiz 1. What alteration in modus operandi has Hassan begun? What true consequence do you believe this is holding on Amir? 2. How do you experience about that fact that Amir lies to Ali when he asks him what happened at the kite tourney? Why do you believe Amir responds so sharply? 3. How has Baba been handling Amir otherwise? Provide several illustrations. 4. Who did Baba stop up ask foring to Jalalabad? How does Amir experience about this? How do you cognize? 5. Why would Rahim Khan be looking at him in an uneven manner when all of the others in the new wave were speaking to Amir about the kite tourney? 6. What happens to Amir on the manner to Jalalabad? 7. What image comes to Amir as he is sitting on the side of the route looking up at the Sun? What does this image demo us. the reader. about what Amir is thinking/feeling? 8. Now that Amir eventually has a relationship with Baba. how does he experience? 9. What is the traditional manner of dining. harmonizing to Amir on pg. 85? 10. Who does Amir confess to about Hassan’s colza? What is his new â€Å"curse† ? 11. Who turned out to be the monster in the lake in Hassan’s dream. harmonizing to Amir? What is Amir afflicted with from this dark on? 12. What does Amir make when Hassan tries to acquire him to hang out with him? How does Hassan experience about this? Why is this go oning? How do YOU experience about this? 13. What does it intend when Amir provinces ( about Hassan ) . â€Å"But even when he wasn’t around he was. † ( pg. 89 ) 14. What is Amir acquiring at when he asks Baba if he has of all time thought about acquiring new retainers? What is Baba’s reaction to this inquiry? Why would Amir inquire this in the first topographic point? 15. What is Hassan looking frontward to? Why? 16. How do you cognize that Amir is experiencing guilty about non helping Hassan? 17. Why did Amir privation or need instead. for Hassan to hit him with the pomegranite? How did Amir respond alternatively? 18. Describe Amir’s 13th birthday. 19. What did Assef give Amir for his birthday? 20. Why did Rahim Khan state Amir his narrative? Why doesn’t Amir Tell him his? Chapter 9 Quiz 1. Why does Amir merely flip all of his nowadayss in the corner of his room? 2. What did Ali and Hassan give Amir for his birthday? 3. What does Amir make to ache Hassan and Ali? Why does he make such a thing? 4. Who is Ali protecting Hassan from? Why is Amir sword lily that Hassan has told Ali the narrative? 5. What does Baba make that surprises Amir? 6. What does Baba implore Ali non to make? 7. Why do you believe Baba is so passionate about their departure? 8. What does Amir state would go on if it were one of the Hindi films that the he and Hassan used to watch? What did he make in actuality? Kite RunnerChapter 10 Quiz 1. How does Baba see Amir’s auto illness? 2. Where were Baba and Amir traveling? 3. How did they leave their house? Why is this important? 4. What did Baba and Amir take with them when they left? 5. What was go oning politically in Kabul? Give some illustrations of how life was altering for Kabul’s citizens ( p. 112-113 ) 6. What does the Russian soldier desire? What does Baba make about it? What is Amir’s response to what Baba does abouut it? 7. Why can’t Baba and Amir continue on their trip to Peshawar? What did Baba make to Karim and why? 8. What is Baba’s answer when the work forces ask him why his isn’t praying to God. because God was traveling to salvage them all? ( p. 120 ) What do you believe about what he says? 9. What do you believe happened to Kamal? What hints were given to do you believe this? 10. How are the refugees be aftering on acquiring to Peshawar? 11. What memory of felicity did Amir conjure up when he was seeking to acquire his head off of the darkness and the malodor? 12. Why did looking at Baba’s bags make Amir sad? 13. What happened to Kamal and his male parent? Describe the concluding scene in chapter 10. Kite Runner QuestionsChapter 11 1. What is dry about the first two lines in Chapter 11 ( pg. 125 ) ? 2. What was Baba’s opinoin of Jimmy Carter? Who was Jimmy Carter? 3. Who did Baba support politically? Why? How do you cognize? 4. Describe how the United States was impacting Baba? ( p. 126 ) 5. Where did Baba work? 6. Why did Baba throw a tantrum. and endanger the Nguyens? What didn’t he understand? 7. How did recognition work in Kabul? 8. What did Baba lose about being in Kabul? 9. Why does Baba decline to take the public assistance money from Mrs. Dobbins? How does she answer? 10. How does Baba experience after he takes attention of the public assistance state of affairs? 11. What does Baba make for Amir’s graduation? What does this Tell you about his character? How do we cognize that everyone loves Baba? 12. What does Baba give him? What does Baba so say about Hassan? 13. What does Amir believe about America? What does Amir believe about Afghhanistan now? What does he state about it? 14. What did Amir and Baba do with their Volkswagen coach? 15. Who is Mr. Iqbal Taheri? 16. Why does Amir experience the impulse to look toward the grey new wave all twenty-four hours? 17. What was the narrative drifting around about Taheri’s girl? What does Amir think of her? Chapter 12 1. What is Jadi? What was Amir and Hassan’s tradition on this dark? Why does Khaled Hosseini state us about this? 2. What is yelda? 3. Desribe Soraya as Amir sees her. 4. What is Nang and Namoos? Why does Baba state Amir to be careful? 5. Why did all of the Afghan people at the flea market halt and bend when Amir asks what Soraya is reading? 6. Why would Soraya bare the brunt of the chitchat? 7. Who is Jamila? Describe her ( p. 148 ) 8. What does it intend when Khaled Hosseini writes. â€Å" Afghan work forces. particularly those from reputable households. were volatile animals? 9. Why is it polite of Amir to go forth when Jamilia asks him to sit down? 10. Why does Amir like it when Soraya’s female parent is present for their meetings? 11. How does Amir experience about the General? How do you cognize? 12. Why does Soraya desire to be a instructor? 13. How is Amir’s learning experience different than Sorayas? 14. Why didn’t Amir get to â€Å"brood† over what happened at the flea market? 15. Why does Amir eventually insist that Baba see a physician? What do they detect? 16. Why does Baba decline to see Dr. Schneider? 17. What does the bronchoscopy show is in Baba’s lungs? How does Baba respond? How does Amir respond? 18. Give illustrations of Baba’s deteriorating wellness. 19. What happened to Baba at the flea market while he was selling a lamp shade? 20. What does Amir ask of his male parent? How does Baba experience about this? 21. What is the result of Baba’s visit to the General’s place? Kite Runner QuestionsChapter 13 1. Describe Taheri’s place. 2. What is the Afghan ceremonial like? Please describe in item. 3. Why did Amir and Soraya forgo the battle period? 4. How much did Baba pass on the nuptials ceremonial? Do people typically spend this much on nuptialss in America? What precisely did he acquire for his money? 5. Why was Amir dressed in green? 6. Describe what Ayena Masshaf is. ( p. 171 ) Why do Afghanis preform this ceremonial? 7. Who does Amir believe about at his nuptials? What precisely was he believing about when he was inquiring about this individual? 8. Who suggested that Amir and Soraya live with Baba after they got married? 9. What did Soraya make when Baba was truly ill? Describe in item what she does for him. Would you make this for person who was badly? 10. What did Amir catch Soraya and Baba making? What was his reaction? 11. What is Sabzi Challow? 12. What happens to Baba after the dark of visitants? How do you cognize? What does he decline? 13. Describe Baba’s funeral. 14. List three things that his equals had to state about him. 15. What does the general suffer from one time a month? 16. What did the general believe about Afghanistan? 17. What had Jamilla one time been celebrated for in Kabul? Why doesn’t she do it any longer? 18. What happens at a nuptials that upsets Soraya? 19. Where do Soraya and Amir move after Baba dies? 20. What does Amir make with the VW coach? Where is his new occupation? 21. What does Amir make with his composing calling? What does he carry through? 22. How does Amir experience about holding kids? 22. What jobs are Amir and Soraya holding at the terminal of the chapter? 23. Whata is Soraya’s secret that she reveals to Amir? How does Amir experience about this? Amir enviousness Soraya?Kite Runner QuizChapter 14 and 15 1. Where is Amir be aftering on sing? 2. What was Amir dreaming of the dark before he leaves on his trip? 3. Describe the cab driver in Chapter 15. 4. Explain what Amir’s originative authorship instructor said about cliches. Why is this humourous? What cliche describes the interaction with Rahim Khan? Why? 5. How did people now move about from topographic point to topographic point. vicinity to vicinity in Kabul? 6. Why does Rahim Khan say that he decided to remain in Kabul? 7. Who lived with Rahim Khan in Kabul? 8. How did Amir candidly feel about desiring to cognize about Amir. when he was in America? Kite Runner QuestionsChapters 17-19 Please read mutely and reply the inquiries as you read. Chapter 17 1. Who was in the polarioid image that was in the envelope that Amir opens? Describe the exposure in item. 2. Would hold Amir recognized Hassan if he had bumped into him on the street? 3. Sum up the missive that Hassan has written to Amir. 4. Why did the Talib hit Farzana? Why didn’t Hassan battle back? 5. What does Hassan state that he has dreampt of? 6. What has happened to Hassan? Why? 7. How were Hassan and Farzana’s deceases justified by the authorities? 8. Why didn’t anyone come frontward? 9. Where is Sorhab? 10. What does Rahim Khan ask of Amir? 11. Why does it hold to be Amir that does this for Rahim Kahn and for Sohrab? 12. Why does Rahim Kahn state us about Ali’s first married woman of three old ages? Why is this important? What does this state us about Hassan? About Baba? 13. Why doesn’t Amir want to cognize this information? What is his reaction to the information one time he has it? Chapter 18 1. What does Amir state that he feels like as he walks down the street? 2. What had Baba stolen harmonizing to Amir? 3. How is the cliche true for Amir and Baba. â€Å" like male parent like son† ? 4. Make you believe that life would hold been different for Ali and Hassan if Amir had non had them kicked out? Do you believe that the class of events was all Amir’s mistake? 5. How can Amir be good once more? 6. What is Amir’s concluding determination? Chapter 19 1. Describe Khyber Pass. 2. What does the cab driver offer Amir? Why does he lie about it doing him experience better? 3. Describe Farid’s household. How semen he merely has five kids now? 4. What were the readyings that Amir had to do in order to travel to Kabul? 5. Why did Amir make up ones mind to go forth for Kabul so shortly. even when Rahim Khan had asked him to remain for a few more yearss? 6. Why couldn’t he state Soraya that he was traveling to Afghanistan? 7. How does Amir experience about being in Afghanistan? What is the cab driver’s response? What does he state about Amir that is true? Why is he so offended? 8. Who were the dozds? 9. Who are Amir and Farid remaining with? 10 What does Wahid state Amir he should compose about? 11. How is Wahid’s sentiment of Amir different from that of Farid’s? 12. What does Wahid state to Amir after Amir tells him of Hassan and Sorhab? Why does he flinch indoors after he hears it? 13. What does Farid state to Amir before they go to bed? How has his tone changed? Why? 14. What does Amir woolgather? How is this different from what truly happens? Why do you believe he is woolgathering this? 15. How does Amir eventually experience approximately Afghanistan as he steps outside of Wahid’s topographic point? 16. What has Amir left under the matress? What does this reveal about his character? Do you believe he is inactive or dynamic? The Kite Runner QuestionsChapter 20 1. What had Farid warned Amir about? Why wasn’t Amir ready for this? 2. How long did it take to acquire to Kabul when Amir used to populate in Afghanistan? How long does it take now? Why? 3. Describe Kabul in several sentences. 4. What does Farid state him about the kites? About the constabulary? 5. Why isn’t Amir supposed to look the Taliban in the eyes? 6. When the mendicant says. â€Å"How seamless seemed love. and so came problem. † What does this intend? How does it associate to what has happened in Kabul with the Taliban? 7. What happened to Baba’s orphanhood? 8. What was the old beggar’s profession? Why is Amir intrigued? 9. What were some of the inside informations the mendicant told Amir about his female parent? 10. What are the two grounds Amir thinks Baba might non hold told him much about his female parent? 11. Why didn’t Amir and Farid mention the happenstance of the mendicant cognizing his female parent? What does Amir state about this incidence? 12. Describe the orphanhood 13. What does the adult male at the orphanhood say about the image that Amir hands him? Why? Why doesn’t he want to open the door? 14. Why does he eventually allow them in? What piece of information did it take? 15. How many orphans stay at the orphanhood? 16. Why may it be excessively late for Sorhab? Why is it unsafe? 17. Why is Farid so angry at the manager of the orphanhood? 18. How do they happen the adult male who has been taking the kids? 19. How do you experience about the orphanhood manager? What would you hold done if you were he? Kite Runner QuestionsChapter 21 1. Describe the Khyber Restraunt. Why is the Restraunt this manner? Why has Amir been there before? 2. What is hanging nearby? What is the people’s reaction to this? 3. Why was the adult male on the corner seeking to sell his leg? 4. Who does Farid state are â€Å"the brains† of the Taliban? 5. Describe Amir’s flashback as they enter the street he used to populate on. 6. How did Amir feel as he looked at his old house? 7. Describe the house. 8. Why does Farid maintain nudging him to leave†¦ to travel rapidly up? 9. What does Amir desire to make? Why does he believe this is insane? 10. What does Farid state Amir to make? Why does Amir take his 10 proceedingss anyhow? 11. What was Amir looking for? Why? Does he happen it? 12. Describe the hotel Amir stays in? Why is he non upset that they charge so much? 13. Describe Ghaza Statium†¦ the odors. the noise†¦ 14. What will go on if they catch the adult male selling â€Å"sexy† images? What are the adult females have oning in the images? Would this be considered â€Å"sexy† in our state? Why is it so forbidden in Afghanisan? 15. What do they make with the adult female and the blind folded adult male? Why are they making this? 16. Sum up what the churchman says to the crowd. 17. Describe the adult male with the wide shoulders. 18. What does he make to the â€Å"accused† ? 19. Why does Amir mention to the adult male as John Lennon? Why is this dry? 20. Predict what might go on when Amir meets with this adult male. What do you experience about this? Kite Runner QuestionsChapter 24 1. Describe Peshawar. 2. What was the hotel room like? 3. Why doesn’t Farid remain the dark? What does Amir give him before he goes? Why? 4. Why doesn’t Mr. Fayyaz charge Amir for a drive to look for Sorhab? 5. Where do they eventually find him? 6. What do Amir and Sorhab talk about as they are sitting together? 7. What does Amir give Sorhab? What does Sorhab state about his household? 8. Describe Sorhabs character as we know him so far. Give illustrations from the text to back up your reply. 9. When Amir tells Sorhab about the fact that he is his father’s brother. he tells him that Baba loved them both every bit. but otherwise. Make you believe this is a true description of his love? What else does Amir state about Baba? Who is he ashamed of? 10. What is Sorhab’s reply when Amir asks him to come place with him? ( p. 235 ) What are some of his concerns? 11. When Amir calls Soraya. Soraya tells him that they have been worried ill about him. Amir tells Soraya to. â€Å"tell Jamilla to halt killing sheep. † What does this mean? 12. What does Soraya state about Amir brining Sorhab place? 13. What happens when Amir and Sorhab visit the American Embassy? 14. What trifle is keeping up the procedure of acceptance? Why is this so dry? 15. Where do Amir and Sorhab have to travel next? 16. Describe Omar Faisal. 17. Why is Sorhab disturbance that he may hold to travel back to an orphanhood? Would this be a lasting thing? 18. What do you foretell happened to Sorhab at the terminal of the chapter?

The House On Mango Street Essays (595 words) - Chicano Literature

The House On Mango Street The House on Mango Street By Sandra Cisneros The main character's name is Esperanza. She is only about thirteen and is telling the story of her life on Mango Street. Esperanza is definitely a dynamic character. In the beginning of the story she does not like their new house on Mango Street or it's surrounding. But as the story progresses she learns to be more grateful for what she has. In one short story of her experiences, she describes how she had to walk home everyday for lunch and how she wished she could eat in the canteen with the other kids. She goes home after school and begs her mom to pack her a lunch and write a note so she can eat with the other kids. After eating in the canteen with her packed lunch she realizes it's not all it's cracked up to be and continues to eat at home with her family. The story is written as a child would think. Esperanza describes things in a way unlike the way you or I would. In one part of the story Esperanza describes a woman with pink shoes as soft as a rabbit's ear and green perfume. It may sound a little awkward to us but in her mind it makes sense. This kind of writing interests me because it is almost like solving a puzzle. While reading I had think simple and try not to make what she said too complex. One conflict presented in this book was when Esperanza and her two friends got three pairs of high heels and wore them around town. Their parents said not to wear the shoes because all they would do is cause trouble. But, they wore them anyway. While walking down the street a bum asks her friend Rachel to come closer. She does and then the bum tells her she is very beautiful and asks if he can have a kiss for a dollar. The girls are frightened and run away. And no matter how much each of the girls loved their shoes they all decided to never wear them again. The major theme of this novel is growing up. Basically the book is about the memories of a young girl living with her family and the experiences she goes through. Cisneros wrote: I make a story for my life, for each step my brown shoe takes. I say, ?And so she trudged up the wooden stairs, her sad brown shoes taking her to the house she never liked.? This passage show me that the author is a lot like the little girl in the story and that they both like to tell stories. I feel that there are many well-written and interesting parts of this story. ?Only a house quiet as snow, a place for myself to go, clean as a paper before a poem.? I found that sentence to be very well written and poetic. I enjoyed the part where she wrote, ?Esperanza as Lisandra or Maritza or Zeze the X. Yes. Something like Zeze the X.? In this part of the story Esperanza I thinking of changing her name and I thought it was interesting that she thought of ?Zeze the X?. I also enjoyed the part when Esperanza and her two friends, Rachel and Lucy bought a bicycle and they all decided to ride it at the same time. ?A very fat lady crossing the street says, You sure got quite a load there. Rachel shouts, You got quite a load there too.? Book Reports

Late Adulthood and Death Paper Essays

Late Adulthood and Death Paper Essays Late Adulthood and Death Paper Paper Late Adulthood and Death Paper Paper Analyzing late adulthood and the death of an individual as a culmination of the life span development process one must understand late adulthood consists of. This paper will give a brief overview of ageism and stereotypes associate with late adulthood. This will explain how health and wellness techniques in the late adulthood stages can mitigate the negative effects of aging. As people age the social views and experiences changes in relationships and interactions with individuals, as he or she nears end of life. When closely approaching the end of life, a person has cultural and personal attitudes about death and dignity in late adulthood. Ageism and Stereotypes When examining ageism and stereotypes associated with late adulthood defines as ones prejudice or discrimination that occurs on the basis of age. When thinking about ageism one must look at the disengagement theory (Cumming Henry, 1961) that proposes that adults voluntarily reduce the contact with society rather than experiencing exclusion later and the disappointment not chosen. Other ageism statements say that older people forced involuntarily to give up participation with society. The disengagement theory justifies withdrawal from social institutions. Stereotyping defines as one making comments to someone saying that a certain age does a task that way. Stereotypes toward old people are cruel and unethical because one-day he or she will be in the same situation. Some stereotypes include older people show depression and loneliness, all old people look the same, old adults look sick, frail, and dependent, last older adults act cognitively and psychologically impaired. People who make stereotypical comments do this to build one’s own self confidence. If one researched all the data about the stereotypical comments one would see the comments made are not as accurate as he or she believes. Everyone deserves to be respected, especially as one ages. Health and Wellness Aging is inevitable, a fact that cannot be ignored. The aging process in late adulthood is called senescence. People cannot stop the effects of aging but there are alternatives that can help ease the process. These measures are not always followed because people make poor life choices such as smoking. Aging adults will even spend millions of dollars trying to slow the process of aging. No matter how much money they spend aging will occur. Most aging adults do not receive the necessary preventive services to help promote health and wellness during this stage of life. These preventive services include vaccinations and screenings. These important services help detect many diseases, delay their onset, or identify them early in their most treatable stages to ensure healthier, longer, and more productive lives for older adults (Prevention, 2011). Better people take care of themselves the longer they will live. People who balance: the right diet, making better choices and not acting sedentary has a better chance in living longer lives. With the advances in medical care, better health practices, improved nutrition, and other factors help people live longer. As long as older adults are following the correct measures, they can help counter the effects of aging because this stage here most people retire, they need to stay active and keep eating healthy foods. By not living actively can lead to his or her body shutting down, and may also lead to an early death. Many programs are available that older adults can join to help keep them on track. Aging adults can also receive information from their doctors and pamphlets from clinics that will give them a guideline to follow to age gracefully. Importance of Relationships and Social Interactions Humans are social animals, dependent on one another for survival and drawn to one another for joy, (University of Phoenix, 2010). Studies show that married older people are healthier, wealthier, and happier than unmarried people and their spouse’s support can help extend their lives. The importance for older adults to have a partner helps because they can depend on each other for help, and they can also help each partner in an area that they are experiencing trouble with because of age. Older adults experience capabilities of being able to have an even give and take relationship and give mutual respect in the relationship. * Older adults who have no partner should have social interactions daily as it has proven emotionally healthier than to be alone. Also older married adults must adjust to their interactions with his or her spouse because they will be together much more when they retire. This constant interaction can lead to disputes but has shown that older adults in a close marital relationship have been proven less depressed and less eager about disabilities that may present themselves because of age. * The importance of companionship in older adults, the average married woman will experience four to ten years of widowhood. The average man will experience none. The first two years can be especially difficult for the widow, but studies show that women come to enjoy the newfound independence and few seek new companionship. For widowers it is not the same, widowers have fewer friends and receive less support from the family. Those widowers try to interact to find new companionship. * Cultural and Personal Attitudes The aging process and developmental stages come to the end once a human being is deceased. A normal life cycle will have its last developmental and cognitive stage in late adulthood. This is a period is defined by the individual’s death. The cognitive learning and development in late adulthood shares some traits with the early stages of life. In this final stage the individual is seeking relationships with his close family and will create dependency on the family members. These dependencies are in all areas of human life. The cognitive and physical abilities of a person experiencing late adulthood are decreasing. Cultural factors play important roles in the lives of the elders. Different cultures will dictate the way that the older person will be taken care of financially, emotionally, social, and in all the remaining areas. Different cultures will have different approaches to this final stage; usually the children will adopt a more active role in their parent’s life. In this transition process that occurs in the late adulthood is a dynamic shift in responsibilities and roles. The elders will not be responsible for their children’s; the children will be responsible for their parents. This has a clear decrease in the analytical abilities. The cultural influence in the upbringing will determine if the alders will be on assisted living facility or will be solely responsibility of by family members. During this stage cognitive development is influenced by the mortality and their legacy. This stage the individual will realize his mortality and most cases assume a role of an amicable person than an authoritarian figure. The spouse also plays an important role on the individual quality of life. All the persons surrounding an individual in late adulthood will focus in providing a good quality of life, a safe environment, and a honest relation. Like in the early stages of life the family component is one of the driving entities in this stage. Family and close friend will have a direct impact in the quality of the individual. Once the individual’s need get more complicated the family will decide to take the person to a nursing home because the medical need cannot be meet by the family. The late adulthood is a stage very complex and full of different experiences. This transition stage allows the relinquishing of responsibilities to family members and in many instances they will seek the oldest knowledge. This stage should be used to resolve and organize the individual’s state. Ensuring that everything is taking resolved will provide a sense of accomplishment and serenity. At that time the main focus should be ensuring the quality of life remaining. Different cultures have different approaches to the wellbeing of the older adults; all have the same goal, to obtain and maintain the highest quality of life for the older. This is also complemented by the medical advantages available. Hospice care and pain management are some important tools available for the families to ensure dignity in this stage of life; that many consider a beginning, not the end. References Berger, K. S. (2010). Invitation to the Life Span, 1e. Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database. Todd D. Nelson, (2004). Ageism: Stereotyping and Prejudice Against Older Persons. : Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Prevention, C. f. (2011, March 14). Clinical Preventive Services for Older Adults. Retrieved July 17, 2011, from CDC: cdc. gov/features/PreventiveServices/

Anaysis of the Impact of LGBT Market Dissertation

Anaysis of the Impact of LGBT Market - Dissertation Example Impact of LGBT Market 19 3.11. Pink Money and Valuation 22 Topic Page No. 4. Research Methodology 23 4.1. Collection of Data 23 4.2. Limitations of the research 23 5. Finding and Analysis 24 5.1. Answer to the research question 1 38 5.2. Answer to the research question: 2 39 5.3. Answer to the research question: 3 40 6. Conclusion 41 7. Bibliography 42 8. Research Questioners 45 9. Appendix 48 1. Introduction: Decades after invisibility and reaching critical mass, a breakthrough was achieved on July 1991 article in the conservative Wall Street Journal, when they termed the lesbian and gay community "a dream market."At present, the American market is anticipated to be valued at $835 billion in 2011 -- based primarily on U.S. population growth and with a steady 7% representation of gays and lesbians within the overall population. (Comercialcloset; 1) In 2004, Commercial Closet reported that around 36% of Fortune 100 companies endorse their products and services as well as advertised di rectly to the lesbian and gay market. Today, American corporations use up about $307 million annually in gay print media. According to the report published in the Gay Press 2011 from Rivendell Marketing and Prime Access, which tracks 109 U.S. gay press publications. Apart from that, it has to be noted that much more is spent on sponsorships and online advertising. The amount spent in online advertising is not calculated while the report of Gay press is published. If we consider that amount, then the overall amount will increase many fold. (Comercialcloset) Approximately, another $27 million is spent in online gay media, an estimated $20 million on Viacom-owned LOGO gay network, and over $6 million more spent annually on sponsorships in the gay community, as per 2006 and 2007 Commercial Closet reports. Very few numbers of advertisers, for example, companies like IBM and American Express, have sought the business-to-business market, targeting around 800,000 to 1.2 million gay and lesb ian-owned businesses. It is very important that one should remember that the so called "gay community" or "gay market" is not monolithic -- it is more like a union of individuals with identities and presence as diverse as the general population of any country. (Comercialcloset) Gay men may live in different countries, in different cities all across the world, they may be traveling truckers, own a home in the suburbs with a partner and child, they may be in a retirement home, or they could be struggling in any particular part of the locality or the society. Lesbians may own a vegetarian restaurant in Northampton, they may run a major media company, own a home in the suburbs with a partner and child, or they could be working at a discount store. But the bottom line is for any organization they are also a target audience and the increasing number making them more and more relevant for the world business community to think upon and look upon. Like everyone else, they face issues of race , class, ethnicity, sing always, be certain whom you want to speak to with your message, do good research, select your media outlets with care, and spend enough money to do your brand justice. One has to remember that "brand loyalty" is earned over time, not overnight. If this huge population could have been tapped then the potential of earning a huge market share is absolutely evident for all the organizations. (Comercialcloset) 2. Research Question: Our main objective of this paper to find out how the increasing purchasing power

Social class and inequality within the education system in the UK Essay

Social class and inequality within the education system in the UK - Essay Example In this case study I will be looking at social class and whether social class faces inequality within the English education system. I will be looking at the education system in the United Kingdom and I will be discussing the differences between middle class and working class in education. The reason for this case study is to discuss the education system in the UK in order to find evidence on how social class faces inequality and I will be doing this by using different theoretical approaches and sociological ways to discuss the relationships. There is a social class gap in the UK for educational achievement. In the UK students attainment is based on parents qualifications, income and occupation (Francis and Perry, 2010) In the UK the working class are eligible for free school meals, free school meals helps us to identify the students class and free school meal students come from a socio-economic background (Perry and Francis et al, 2010). I will be discussing the exam results of both the working and middle class. Children’s social class has a major impact on their performance and their results. The working class tend to not achieve in comparison to the middle class, the education system is biased and is produced to meet the needs of the middle class students and not the working class students (Bryant, n.d.). Children’s class has a major impact on their performance. In addition there is a gap between the middle and the working class and this could be seen through their GSCE results (Shepherd, 2010). According to Shepherd, Sedghi and Evans (2012) statistics show that there is around 27.4% attainment gap between students that are eligible for free school meals and students achieving A*-C in English and Mathematics GCSE. There... According to the paper the critical theory depicts how people within the society receive different treatment. In respect to the present study, the middle class has power, control and fits well in the society. In contrary, the working class are found to suffer from frustration, rejection, isolation and are powerless. These challenges have further implication within the education sector as depicted by affordability of quality education. The middle class has the capacity of enrolling their children in academies that are known to offer quality education as opposed to working class who cannot afford to enrol their children in academies (Muller, Ringer and Simon, 2003). This brings out a gap in social class as evidenced by lack of affordability of quality education by working class as opposed to their wealthy middle class who controls the society and has the resources to afford quality education for their children. The report gives all answers to the questions which are connected with the Education in United Kingdom. Ideally, in the light of modern world, people continue to be segregated in terms of social groups which are facilitated by differences in cultural and economic capabilities. As noted from the present study, those people who are economically advantages exert power within the society. This fact is well supported by social cultural theories such as Critical theory still pushes the UK government to level education for both poor and rich, it is apparent that the middle class who has sufficient resources continues to get quality education relative to the working class. This nature is attributable to the UK form of economy which is more inclined to capitalism. It can therefore deliberate that the UK education system is modelled to be exclusive where the richer ones can afford quality education as opposed to the less rich.

What considerations do public service managers need to take into Essay

What considerations do public service managers need to take into account in involving members of the public in planning public services. Give an example - Essay Example Public service managers remain in the eye of one and all and they are usually very much accountable as concerns to their public level dealings on a day to day basis. Public service managers need to understand that they are the custodians of the general population of a country and that their actions and behaviors are usually representative of the government which is administering a nation for that matter. Furthermore, they ought to comprehend that public level dealings are not easy to occur since they require a lot of litigation and sequence of activities before they actually are remarked as being complete on the public’s end. They take steps which alleviate poverty within the different segments of a society as well as help at giving the whole culture an uplift, one which will eventually change the basis of the country, region or area whatsoever. Then there are the aspects related with administration of the general public and the different institutions which are working within the public domain. The public sector is governed by these public service managers and they bring to light a number of different issues which are related with the bas ic working regimes coming under the governmental jurisdictions. They are also responsible for the financial dealings that are happening within the governmental ranks and with this we come to know of their basic methodologies that the public service managers actually bring about in the whole related scheme of financial and economic tasks and activities. The reforms are also undertaken time and again and these are some of the very basic steps which are undertaken on a regular basis. The reforms take into consideration the aspects which are related with the working regimes and the do’s and don’ts of the governmental machinery and so on and so forth. The public service managers are responsible for all these tasks

Study of Employee Behavior causing Accidents at the Workplace

Study of Employee Behavior causing Accidents at the Workplace Safety behavior is the key for reducing the injuries at the workplace and indirectly influencing the outcomes of the event before the injuries or accidents occurred (Johnson, 2003). There are many studies in occupational safety concluded that the root of the accident causes is human behavior (Geller, 2000; Cooper, 1998, 2000; Johnson, 2003). Therefore, it shows the relationship between the human and their behavior on causing the accident at the workplace. Studies indicate that more than 85% of workplace injuries and accidents can be linked to human error of commission or omission (LaBar, 1996). Granot (1998) also admits it in his review that industrial disaster is truly about people and their behavior. Most of studies in human safety behavior issues concerning only on the concept of safety culture (safety climate), defined as the product of individual and group values, attitudes, perceptions, competencies, and patterns of behavior that determine the organizations safety performance (Health and Safety Commission, 1993, p.23). Rasmussen (1990) expresses concern that despite the growing complexity, size and change in todays technical system, they continue to depend on human involvement for their safe operation. Previous researcher such as Mullen (2002), Subramaniam (2004) and Mahmood, Isa, Mustafa, Aziz Salleh (2009) did study several factors that have direct relationship with safety behavior such as organizational factors, safety commitment and human factors but they did not stressed out any variables that could mediated the relationship between those variables. Therefore, no study conducted to identify whether these relationship could be mediated by another factors such as attitudes, perceptions, knowledge, beliefs and personality. This study will not only help to improve the safety behavior at the workplace but it will also increase Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) knowledge and perception towards safety behavior. The purpose of this study is to investigate what are the main factors that influence human safety behavior among SMEs manufacturing chemical products in Northern Area of Malaysia. It is also seeks to identify the crucial parts in safety and health that is human factors which will influence the safety measures at the workplace. Besides that, it is also to identify the factors that need to be improved to achieve excellent standards of safety management at SMEs. To dig deeper into the causes of accidents at the worksite, one must understand the role of human factors, which are often the cause of human error. It is also to understand the factors that influenced the safety measures at the workplace. Industry Background Small and Medium Enterprise (SMEs), plays a major role in the Malaysian economy. The development of SMEs has received much attention since the implementation of the New Economic Policy (1971 1990). It was then emphasized in the Second Long Term Malaysian Plan (1991-2000). A survey done in 1994 found that there were 12,000 SMEs established in Malaysia made up of 88% small enterprises and 12% medium-sized enterprises. These SMEs employed 33% of the workforce in the manufacturing sector. The importance of small and medium-sized businesses in helping the economic development of our nation cannot be refuted. Besides creating job opportunities, SMEs play a crucial role in contributing to the prosperity of big and multinational corporations. They enhance the industry through their creativity and innovation. In Malaysia, various agencies adopt different definitions of SMEs depending on their business interests. However one common definition is that provided by the Small and Medium Industries Development Corporation (SMIDEC) which defines SMEs according to two main factors i.e. annual sales turn over and number of full time workers. Medium sized business is a business establishment with an annual sales turnover of between RM10 million and RM25 million and which employs more than 150 full-time workers while a small sized business is a business establishment8 with an annual sales turnover of not more than RM10 million and which employs not more than 50 full time workers. SMEs offer different and unique challenges to the manager who is generally the owner of the business. Considering their importance to the countrys economic development agenda, the governments commitment to the development of SMEs has been clearly evident since the early 1970s (Saleh Ndubisi, 2006). Various forms of assistance have been given by the government to ensure the successful development of SMEs. Examples of the assistance are access to market and financial support, RD, the use of ICT, technology to enhance productivity and quality control as well as access to skilled labors (SME Performance Report, 2005). As a result of the growth of SMEs, safety measures should be taken into account seriously. It is because accidents at workplace can be prevented if employers and employees are more sensitive or have good safety behavior (Makin Sutherland, 1994; Christian, Wallace, Bradley, Burke, 2009). Moreover, to get better understanding of safety behavior, employers need to cater the human factors that can contribute to accidents at workplace and the employees to have some responsibility towards their own safety. Accidents at workplace involve monetary cost as the amount of compensation paid out to employees cost more than what it is perceived. The amount has been high in the last few years and this costs a lot of money to the economy, which can otherwise be used for other productive purposes such as an investment in new technology to boost productions. In 2003, compensation due to accidents amounted to a staggering RM 745 million. The amount increased to RM 817 million in 2004 and continued to rise to RM 883 million in 2005 (Labor and Human Resources Statistics 2001-2005, 2009). According to Thye (2009), 70% of all occupational diseases are due to the chemical exposure, which results in problems like skin diseases, poisoning and respiratory disorders. Previous studies showed that the occurrences of diseases and sickness were partly due to the improper use of personal protective equipment, from selection of such equipment to its washing or disposal (Thye, 2009). Therefore, this study will focus on SMEs manufacturing chemical products for agricultural industries and cleaning services. It is because from the data obtained most of the SMEs company at the Northern Region are producing chemical products for the agricultural and cleaning services. Problem Statement One of the topics in human resource management that is gaining attention is safety management. Generally, previous studies on safety focused on areas such as safety and health legislative compliance (Townsend, 1998), OSH implementation (Surienty, Hong Hung, 2010), OSH performance (Surienty, Hong Hung, 2010) safety climate (Zohar, 2000; Flin, Mearns, OConnors Bryden, 2000; Dedobbeleer Belan, 1991) and safety culture (Abd. Aziz, 2008; Clarke, 1999; Cooper, 1998; Cox Flin, 1998). In term of the context of the study, previous research have concentrated more on investigating safety behavior and lifestyle involving employees in construction sites (Aksorn Hadikusumo, 2007; Tam Fung, 1998; Toole, 2002) and less research focusing on manufacturing. Review of related literature revealed studies that emphasized on human factors and safety behavior are relatively spare. For example, Granot (1998) in his review of human factor in industrial disaster comprises that human beings are at the heart of disaster. They frequently play an active role in causing industrial failure through their shortcoming and fallibility. Human error can occur in every stage of industrial activities. Similarly, Yon (2007) states that consideration in studying human factors that influence safety behavior and lifestyle at the workplace has been a crucial reason for the researcher to study further on these matters. Yons (2007) study involved SMEs in Penang which focused on the factors that associated to the chemical safety. The factors are management of chemicals, employees cooperation, training and education, process hazard analysis and hazard identification, safe work procedures and practices, chemical safety data sheets, personal protective equipment progra mmes, emergency measures and first aid, operational control measures, medical surveillance programme, monitoring of workers exposure, warning sign and recordkeeping. Yon (2007) admitted that human is the key factors to ensure safety at the workplace but since her study are not focusing on the human factors, no further discussion was made. Eventhough human factors can be one of the factors on that studies, little consideration had been given. Workers play an important role in causing occupational accident but many researches continue to see human factor in a very narrow perspective. Previous researcher such as Mullen (2002), Subramaniam (2004) and Mahmood, Isa, Mustafa, Aziz Saleh (2009) did study several factors that have direct relationship with safety behavior such as organizational factors, safety commitment and human factors but they did not stressed out any variables that could mediated the relationship between those variables. Therefore, no study conducted to identify whether these relationship could be mediate by another factors such as attitudes, perceptions, knowledge, beliefs and personality. One of the models that emphasized on safety behavior is a model proposed by Subramaniam (2004). According to his model, safety behavior is the outcome of predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing factors. However, his model is lacking because the model did not take into account several important variables such as personality, communication, and knowledge and his model only proposed a direct relationship between human factors and safety behaviors. His study conducted at residential colleges in a local Malaysian university. Therefore, this study will conducted on the working environment because the situations are more expose to the hazard. This study will utilized his model and proposed predisposing factors as intervening variable in order to help gain further understanding of the antecedents of safety behavior at SMEs. In terms of theoretical perspective, Ajzens (1980, 1991) theory of planned behaviour (TPB) appears well-suited to the explanation of the link between human factors and safety behaviour in this study. This theory derived from previous research that started out as the theory of attitude, which led to the study of attitude and behavior. The theory was, born largely out of frustration with traditional attitude-behavior research, much of which found weak correlations between attitude measures and performance of volitional behaviors (Hale, Householder, Greene, 2003, p. 259). The key application of this theory is prediction of behavioral intention, spanning predictions of attitude and predictions of behavior. The subsequent separation of behavioral intention from behavior allows for explanation of limiting factors on attitudinal influence (Azjen, 1980). This theory will help refining the model that will be used to explain variance in the aspect of safety behavior. The TPB draws our attenti on to the role of subjective norms and the intervening construct of intentions, which in this case are the enabling and reinforcing factors as intervened by predisposing factors, which are useful additions to the network of variables that interact to influence safety behaviors. Why human factor should be related to safety behavior? Employee with high level of reinforcing and enabling factors will reflect a highly awareness (predisposing) employee. On the other hand, safety behavior is regarded as desirable among employees. So, we can expect that employees with high level of enabling and reinforcing factors that mediated by predisposing factors should be related positively to safety behavior. Meanwhile, SMEs in Malaysia continue to face many challenges both traditionally and new challenges. Previous studies by Watfa, Awan and Goodson (1998) showed that occupational safety and health conditions at the small medium enterprises (SMEs) were a cause for concern. One of the many challenges that SMEs face is the high workplace accidents rate which may reflect badly to the way safety and workers well-being are being handled by Malaysian SMEs. It is further supported by the Director General of Department Occupational Safety and Health Malaysia (DOSH), Che Man (2010) who estimated about 80 to 90 percent of the accidents reported to workmen compensation scheme (SOCSO) is from SMEs. Also, the Chairman of National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Thye (2009), studies showed that the occurrence of diseases and sickness in workplace were partly due to improper use of personal protective equipment, from selection of such equipment to its washing or disposal. He also s tated that almost 70% of all occupational diseases are due to chemical exposure, which results in problems like skin diseases, poisoning and respiratory disorders (Thye, 2009). The enforcement of applicable occupational safety and health legislation is also often limited to large enterprises due to inadequate inspection capacity of the SMEs by the competent authorities. Thus, millions of workers in SMEs are not sufficiently protected by the existing legislation. In addition, workers in informal sectors are often out of reach of most of safety and health programs. Hence, given the importance of safety behaviors among employees working with SMEs, this study will focuses on examining the effect of human factors; enabling and reinforcing factors mediated by predisposing factor on safety behaviors. This study is relevant in order to investigate the extent of safety implementation in manufacturing setting in particular in SMEs. In focusing on the human factors, the consequences in their aftermath also have to be considered. It is to see how they cope with them when its occurred. Any perspective should not to be overlooked when it deals with human factors because as stated earlier human play an important role in causing an accident at the workplace. Research Questions Whether dimensions of reinforcing factors (communications, societal influences and modeling) are related with safety behavior? Whether dimensions of enabling factors (resources, policies and skills) are related with safety behavior? Whether dimensions of predisposing factors (knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, values, perceptions and personality) mediated the relationship between the reinforcing factors (communications, societal influences and modeling) and safety behavior? Whether dimensions of predisposing factors (knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, values, perceptions and personality) mediated the relationship between the enabling factors (resources, policies and skills) and safety behavior? Research Objectives Generally, the purpose of the study is to find out whether the human factors will influence the safety behavior at SMEs. To identify whether dimensions of reinforcing factors (communications, societal influences and modeling) are related with safety behavior. To study whether dimensions of enabling factors (resources, policies and skills) are related with safety behavior. To examine whether dimensions of predisposing factors (knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, values, perceptions and personality) are related with safety behavior. To examine whether dimensions of predisposing factors (knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, values, perceptions and personality) mediated the relationship between the reinforcing factors (communications, societal influences and modeling) and safety behavior. To evaluate whether dimensions of predisposing factors (knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, values, perceptions and personality) mediated the relationship between the enabling factors (resources, policies and skills) and safety behavior. Scope of the Study The scope of the study is focusing on the human factors that will influence safety measures at SMEs in Northern area. It will focus on two main factors that influenced workers safety behavior mediated by predisposing factors. The factors are predisposing, reinforcing, enabling. Besides, the researcher also found other variables that are communication or co-ordination problems and poor social climates. These variables are not being used in this study because it is unsuitable with the working environment at SMEs in Northern area. The population for this study includes the SMEs in Northern area employees who are working in manufacturing sector. Significance of the study Generally, this study will help to improve the safety behavior at the workplace but it will also increase SMEs knowledge and perception towards safety behavior. Furthermore, it will also help to improve the safety implementation at their company. This research also can help SMEs to understand factors that contribute to the accidents and develop control strategies to prevent accidents happened at the workplace. To ensure the safety environment and culture at the workplace, employees need to be educate about the human factors that related to their behaviors in order to prevent accident and work related injuries. It is important for the employees to aware that accident can be prevented if they are really working forward to it. Finally, it can also contribute to an academic knowledge for future researcher where it is expected to highlight the relationship between human factors and safety behavior. Definition of Key Terms Safety behavior can be defined as personal actions that prevent physical injury to self (Nursing Outcome Classifications, 2009). Human factors is defined as environmental, organizational and job factors, and human and individual characteristics which influence behavior at work in a way which can affect health and safety (Health and Safety Executive, 1999) Predisposing factors are the characteristics of the individual such as belief, attitudes and values that facilitate or hinder self-protective behavior. Predisposing factors are conceptualized as providing the motivation for a specific behavior (Subramaniam, 2004). Reinforcing factors involve any reward or punishment that follows or is anticipated as a consequence of the behavior (Subramaniam, 2004). Enabling factors are defined as factors antecedent to behavior that allow motivation or aspiration that is to be realized (Subramaniam, 2004). Small and Medium Enterprise (SMEs) are separately defined by SMIDEC. Small sized business is a business establishment with an annual sales turnover of not more than RM10 million and which employs not more than 50 full time workers while medium sized business is a business establishment with an annual sales turnover of between RM10 million and RM25 million and which employs more than 150 full-time workers. Conclusion This chapter has placed of introduction, problem statement, companys background, research questions, research objectives, significance of the study, and limitations of the study and organizations of the study. The next chapter will tackle the previous literature related to this study such as safety behavior, predisposing, enabling and reinforcing factors. CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW Introduction The literature review discussed about all the variables in this research study, which is predisposing factors, reinforcing factors and enabling factors. It is important in order to study the human factors that will influence the safety measures at the workplace. This is also to provide overview from the past research that related to this study. The researcher is using the secondary data as their resources. The literature reviews are used to develop theoretical framework and hypothesis of the study. It also exists in synthesizing the methodology as well as findings. Safety Behavior Hassan, Basha and Hanafi (2007) stated that safety behavior is reflected by good attitude. They also stressed out that many incidents/accidents that occurred in the workplace especially in the building construction sites were due to inadequate adherence of workers to work procedures. Therefore, the interactive relationship between peoples behavior, their attitudes and perceptions they hold, and the situation or environment in workplace should be taken into account (Dedobbeleer et al, 1991). Much of this literature has focused on the concept of safety culture (safety climate), defined as the product of individual and group values, attitudes, perceptions, competencies, and patterns of behavior that determine the organizations safety performance (Health and Safety Commission, 1993, p.23). Rasmussen (1990) expresses concern that despite the growing complexity, size and change in todays technical system, they continue to depend on human involvement for their safe operation. Granot (1998), stated that industrial disaster is truly about people and their behavior. Hale and Glendon (1987) cited the Confederation of British Industry phrase the root of the problem is human behavior. Human Factors Health and Safety Executive (1999) in its publication Reducing Error and influencing behavior has defined human factors as environmental, organizational and job factors, and human and individual characteristics that influence behavior at work in a way, which can affect health and safety. Attention towards human factors role in accident causation has increased recent years and it can be seen by the evolution of models accident causation (DeJoy, 1990). It is important in order to understand the impact of human factors in causing an accident at the workplace. DeJoy (1996) in his study has developed a human factors model that consists three categories of causal factors that consists predisposing, reinforcing and enabling factors and he also provide a control strategies that include in his model: engineering, self protection, and organizational management. Subramaniam (2004) then, adopt this model to study the relationship between human factors and fire safety behavior and lifestyle at re sidential colleges in a local Malaysian university. Eventhough he is adopted DeJoys human factors model, he does not include the control strategies and only study a direct relationship between human factors and fire safety behavior and lifestyle. Hence this study will modified the model in order to provide a more comprehensive model in understanding the human behavior at the workplace. Predisposing Factors According to Subramaniam (2004), person characteristics such as belief, attitudes and values are predisposing factors that facilitate or hinder self-protective behavior. He also stated that predisposing factors can be conceptualized by providing a motivation for a specific behavior. Predisposing factors consists items such as knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, perceptions (Subramaniam, 2004). Knowledge Knowledge agreed well defined as an organized combination of ideas, rules, procedures and information (Subramaniam, 2004). Safety and health knowledge takes on particular importance to workers, especially for the manual workers. Inadequate safety knowledge, pointing to deficiencies with education and training engaging in unsafe acts and the actions, behavior, capabilities and communication of the work team are affected by or shaped by their attitudes, motivations, knowledge, skills, supervision, health and fatigue (Haslam, Hide, Gibb, Gyi, Pavitt, Atkinson and Duff, 2004). Attitudes Most of the researchers agreed that attitudes are also one of the main roots that cause the way how the individual behave. Glendon and Mc Kenna (1995) suggests that attitudes are related to safe and unsafe behaviors. It is agreed that the attitudes will facilitate on how the individual will react or behave. Ajzen and Fishbein (1980) also agreed that attitudes are learned, involved a tendency to act and are consistent and specific to particular stimuli. The current study found that worker safety attitudes (workers concern for safety conflict between productions and safety) was significantly predictive for unsafe behaviors, but only the latter was predictive of workplace accident (Clarke, 2004). Gellor (2001) has investigated the safety triad theory in which he thought that maintaining a continuous process to three domains, which are environment, person, and behavior. Person will reflect the competency of a worker where as the behavior illustrates the attitudes of workers in carrying o ut job safely (Gellor, 2001). Beliefs Beliefs can be concluded as individual strong feeling that something true and real. Mullen (2004) emphasize that individual tend to believe that it is acceptable to continue to engage in unsafe behavior due to the overly optimistic belief that they are immune to or greatly underestimate (Chapin, 2001) the risks associated with the behavior. It can be indicate that an individual feels secure on the routine they had gone through. The individual beliefs that it wont happen to me has been found to be a reason of the unsafe behavior (Mullen, 2004). Perceptions Granot (1998) emphasize that resignation to fate in certain traditional cultures makes it harder to mitigate dangers in some societies than in others. Individual perceived accidents as fate or it is written in their journey of life in some religion supported by Granot (1998) that event occurred is the role of destiny in some Mediterranean cultures, the will of Allah among Muslims or Karma in Hindu Tradition. Reinforcing Factors Reinforcing factors involve any reward or punishment that follows or is anticipated as consequences of the behavior (Subramaniam, 2004). According to Subramaniam (2004), reinforcing factors involved items such as feedback, societal influences, societal opportunities, modeling, and repercussion. In this study, researcher has considered to analyze only three items that is feedback, societal influences, and modeling. It is because previous study by Mullen (2004) has revealed these factors (feedback, societal influences, and modeling) has become the most influenced factors towards safety behavior (Mullen, 2004) Feedback/Communications Zohar (2002) argues that supervisors who demonstrate greater individualized consideration in their supervisory practices encourage open, informal safety communication, which in turns affects injury rate. Researchers agreed that an open conversation between co-workers, supervisor and management about safety issue will lead to the safety behavior. Ineffective communication regarding safety issues occurs between workers within an organization as well as between workers and subcontractors often found to be a factor in the cause of workplace accidents (Ayers and Kleiner, 2000). Hassan et.al (2007) in his analysis of study stated that line management involvement such as relationship with worker, talk on safety and advice on safety matter is related to the workers safety behavior and motivation. According to Cudworth (2010) in her articles on positive impact of communication on safety at Shell stated that communications within the organization plays the vital role to ensure the safety perfo rmance is at the zero level. Societal influences Many of the relevant definitions of safety culture emphasis share attitudes, values and beliefs and stress the interactions with the organizations safety structures and control systems and appropriate behavioral norms (Reason, 1998; Uttal, 1983). Furnham (1997) explains that in terms of the societal, environmental, and historical influence on the organization or group; for example, the evolution of an organization might have some effect on its culture. It means that the environment of work also give effects towards safety behavior. For example, co-workers, supervisor views on the safety itself whether they are concern or not. Modeling It was perceived by the individual that they had to experience some type of shock or close call that would raise their awareness of safety and make them realize the potential consequences of unsafe behavior (Mullen, 2004). It means that from the events that already occurred, it will develop self-protective behavior to inhibits accidents from happen to themselves. Mullen (2004) again stated that management and co-workers play major roles to the workers whether an individual will engaged in unsafe behavior. It shows that individual action also depends on what they saw on other behave and finally it became their norms of working procedures whether it is safe or unsafe. Enabling Factors Subramaniam (2004)has defined enabling factors as factors antecedent to behavior that allow motivation or aspiration that is to be realized. He has classified enabling factors into four items, which are resources, access, policies, and skills. Therefore, the researcher has adopt three items (resources, policies and skills) from the models for further investigation. Resources The desired goal of a safety program cannot be achieved when resources are lacking. An effective safety program is the result of a commitment by top management to give an appropriate level of resources. Management must consider and allocate sufficient resources to carry out day-to-day activities in order to accomplish short and long-term goals (Aksorn et al., 2007). Resources can be considered as the tools and equipment such as Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and machinery provided by the management to help them carry their works properly. All equipment tends to wear out with use and requires careful monitoring. Many industrial disaster result from equipment failure (Granot, 1998). Policies Safety does not have to come at a price. When there are cost implications, regulatory bodies and trade associations need to work to make sure there is a level playing field with respect to tendering (Haslam et al., 2005). Developing a safety policy is one of the crucial tasks faced by the company because all the rules and procedures are dealt with their employees. It is important to make sure that the policy are really works and became one of the agents to prevent accident at the workplace. Clarke (2006) suggests that safety interventions need to focus on how individuals perceive their immediate work environment as well as improving safety policy and procedures. Skills Skills are the most crucial items to be deeply looking to ensure that the risk of workers to get involved in the occupational accident can be reduce and behave towards safety. Goldenhar, Williams, and Swanson (2003) found a significant direct effect between job certainty and self-reported occupational injuries and/or near misses for a sample of construction workers. A lack of job clarity may have a direct effect on injuries as this leads to the individual operating in unfamiliar situations, increasing the likelihood of accidents (Hemingway and Smith, 1999). Relationship between Predisposing Factors and Safety Behavior Predisposing factors as mentioned earlier includes knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, perceptions and personality. According to Subramaniam (2004) in his research findings, predisposing factors significantly are positively correlated with the fire safety behavior. Eventhough the study are focusing on the fire safety behavior, the relationship are still relevant to be measured in the safety behavior. Inadequate education and training contributed to approximately 70 percent of a sample of construction accidents studied as a research report published by the HSE (2003b). Attitudes also play a major role in predispose the safety behavio

The Role of Women in Society Essay -- Women Females Society Essays

The Role of Women in Society Women are important in our society. Every woman has her own job or duty in this modern society in which men are still the 'strongest gender';. We can ´t forget that women ´s life is a lot more complicated than a man ´s life. A woman has to take care of her own personal life and if she is a mother , she has to take care also about her children ´s life too. Marriaged women have lots of worries and believe it or not , they carry out a more stressfull life than marriaged men. Several times in my life I have heard commentaries about the lack of importance of women. I am personally against these kind of commentaries. In my life the most important person I remember is my mother. She is a professional also , but besides her profession , she always took good...

Program for High School Drop Outs

A New Dawn is a program which will help students who have dropped out of high school become members of society who will be more successful. It is our hope that with the implementation of this program that more students will be able to return to school to finish their education and learn vocational skills which will allow them to earn more, help provide for their families, and build better self-esteem.Participation should reduce the number of youth who are lured away by low-paying, entry-level obs and by other social entities that can defeat the positive attributes of their lives (i. e. gang activity, drugs, alcoholism, etc. ). With this program outline, it should be evident that we can work with the budget allotted and still provide the essential services to our target population; the young people of the community who need to be able to return to school. A new day is dawning; how will you make it a successful one? educational, vocational, and training services to many sections of the local population.They have been involved in the community for many years (undefined in he scenario) and have decided to face a new and dangerous challenge; the increased dropout rates of high school age teenagers in the area. With increasing economic strains because of Job loss, relocation of companies to other cities, and budgetary losses due to lower property tax revenues, the students in the area are being forced to look for work to help support their families. It has been an ongoing challenge for local schools to retain and recruit qualified teachers that can hold the interest of these students.Unfortunately, this means that education comes second in heir lives and they lose the motivation to continue to improve themselves. Our agency proposes a new and innovative approach to allow them to complete their high school education, gain new skills, and be better prepared to handle life's challenges as they present themselves. Statement of Opportunity We are a group of dedicated indi viduals who want to see the high school dropouts of today become self-sufficient, productive members of the community tomorrow by offering them the skills to begin a new Journey.Education, vocational skills, and training are the key to success; our plan is to make a seemingly impossible challenge nto success through hard work, perseverance, and the true spirit of belief in our fellow human beings to want to be better than they are today. Impact on Organizational Structure Vision in organizational program development is important because it gives hope and direction to all those who hold stake in a project; in this case, students, parents, educators, administrators, potential grant donors, community members, social services workers, and businesses in the area.An executive director's vision is crucial because it shows that they truly believe in the proposed program and that it will ucceed in its goals and objectives. Challenges present themselves every day; the true challenge is taking the problems and turning them into opportunities. The positive is far more productive than allowing others to wallow in despair and give up on the possibility of success. Reaching for the stars is unrealistic, but hope is a powerful motivator; my goal is to make that hope into a reality for the students who are often forgotten members of society.With any change within an agency, comes an mission, goals, objectives, and vision of any program. Structural changes must occur o allow for new programs to be implemented. Organizational mission, goals, and objectives may have to change slightly to reflect new aspects of the program being developed, but should pretty much remain the same. While all of these areas may be detailed, it is important not to make goals and objectives which are too expansive as it could cause the entire program to fold if not managed carefully.I can see where there may need to be some changes when incorporating youth into a program which may have been initially de signed to assist adults who have different issues. The new oals and objectives of this project must dovetail with existing agency directives because if they do not, they may cause unpleasant and potentially devastating changes to services already offered. Organizational planning may be need to be revamped to include the program in the short- and long- term plans. Any time changes take place within an organization; there will be changes in the planning.From development to implementation and beyond, new plans which influence current programs will have to be addressed. In this scenario, the implementation of a dropout program may require facility changes, changes in staffing, community utreach that has not been needed before, coordination with school officials, budgetary changes, and development of new funding sources. It will be important to keep in consideration the needs of current programs when developing new structure for this program so as not to damage already successful program s.Organizational operations will also need to change based on the needs of clientele, staff members, and facility availability. There will be a need for more space for classrooms, more instructors, and different equipment and materials; using the same materials for igh school age students may not be realistic in terms of safety. Costs will quite definitely increase as the demand for hands-on vocational learning becomes reality for this group of students, hours are extended, and new materials for classroom learning need to be purchased.Administrative staff and Board of Directors support will require a clear and accurate picture of how things will need to be altered in order for them to run effectively and efficiently. Human resources is an area that will clearly need to be given a lot of thought and creative thinking to best utilize the staff hat is already employed by our agency. It has been difficult for local school districts to hire qualified, motivated instructors to work with t his fairly specialized group.It is no easy task to work with students who have given up on the academic environment to search for work to support their families. The key to the success of this program is to grab their interest, give them the tools and resources to better themselves, and then help them to be successful in the outside world. Since we cannot offer extravagant salaries to these professionals, we must have more to offer them; the esire to help a group which is underprivileged and in desperate need of help in addition to fairly flexible class schedules may help convince them to come teach for this worthwhile project.In addition to this, formal classroom positions are being cut by all districts, so by hiring teachers who have been displaced and do not wish to relocate there is a benefit to all involved. Continued education may be necessary to ready these instructors for different types of students and teaching methods. Technological resources will need to be added or adapt ed to build this program and heir involvement, they may quit again which would defeat the purpose of the program.The project will require more computers and software for student use, new and safer machinery, improved software for administrative staff to be able to track, organize, and make formal reports of progress, budgets, and program usage. Because these students are high school age, the need for reporting to state agencies will be a requirement if this agency is to receive funding and the average daily allowance (ADA) for each eligible student; that money will be essential as the rogram grows and thrives.Training for staff members may be necessary to ensure that they have the required skills that have not been needed before. Financial resources are probably the largest challenge to making this opportunity a reality for this organization. Additional money will be needed to supplement the already lean budget of past years. Employing more teachers, counselors, trainers, and suppor t personnel will not be inexpensive; salaries and benefits are required to attract qualified individuals.A reward and incentive program will need to be developed ince salaries and benefits may not be as rich as many are used to in the educational industry. The number of eligible high school dropouts is expected to be 1,000 individuals with a rise to 2,000 each year after inception. The total funding for this program at present is $1,600,000, so until further funding can be acquired budgets will still have to run very lean. Accumulating needed materials and equipment can be done on a graduated need base so that not all of the finances are spent on these line items.It will be necessary to apply for outside grants from government agencies and other non-traditional options. Community Environmental Factors The local economy in the area is severely depressed because many companies are leaving the area for other cities; the loss of property and other tax revenue has caused local cutbacks i n services with significant impact on school budgets. When budgets are reduced in education, the first individuals who suffer are the students. Loss of teachers, materials, extra-curricular activities, and support staff markedly increase the dropout rate among teens.There are few choices for students other than to attempt to find work to help support their families; making school an mpossibility and limiting further success. Competition is a problem because students need to find work and will turn to businesses when they should be attending school. If the youth of this community feel that the needs of their families is too strong, they may forego returning to school; no matter how easy the road is made for them. They have to find value in furthering their education; our goal is to show them that there is a better life available through education and give them the skills they need to succeed.The employment market locally is not helping the situation; rather it is a hindrance. The mor e pressure exerted on the market, the more businesses will move out of the area because there is incentive to do so. As companies leave, property and other taxes drop which means less money is available for schools and other local services. The amount of teachers and support staff drops and students feel it is not worth their time to attend. Financial resources will always be limited, so the time is now to take advantage of loans and grants offered by the school district and government agencies.Applying for outside grants will need to occur, but without firm commitments they cannot be The risks that the agency will take will be directly correlated to the success of the program. If the project shows that it is successful, more money will be fed into its coffers. If the program is questionable or fails, money will be withdrawn which could seriously hamper current programs as well as the proposed program. In theory, this investment could make or break the organization which is more tha n likely working on a very limited budget in the first place.Adding additional staff and technical resources is expensive and if these people would have to be terminated because the rogram fails, there will be other separation costs associated; machinery and other items may have to be sold for a significant loss if they cannot be used in other programs. The benefits of this program to the community is that the teenagers who have given up on their education may return to school to learn more skills which will help them to find better paying Jobs in the future.By becoming more highly trained and better educated, it will be easier for them to find employment. The increase in the dropout rate from five percent to 15% is astronomical in Just two years and is nacceptable; something must be done to stop the bleeding! By developing and implementing a program which helps local youth, the status of this organization will increase; allowing more money to flow in for all programs and increase c ommunity support.This support encourages more students to see the value in returning to school because they can see the evidence of going through the program. Human Resources It will be important to hire new instructors, trainers, and more than likely some support staff to work with students and provide the administrative assistance to make this program operate efficiently and effectively. The one thing you cannot be short on is instructional staff to help students to learn the skills they need to be able to walk away with the ability to become productive members of the community.Because many school districts are cutting staff members, there is a surplus of unemployed or underemployed teachers and we may be able to secure some trainers from the private industrial sector on a part-time basis if they feel it will be to their benefit to have better trained employees. Our staff is truly one of the most important keys to the success or failure of this program; without them, there would e no way to make success a possibility. With staffing cuts, come reductions in pay for many school employees, so we will need to provide other incentives to attract qualified, motivated instructors.Paid time off, health benefits (at least partially covered by the agency), incentive rewards for number of students who perform well and/or graduate from our program, and other extrinsic reward systems will be implemented as the budget allows. Intrinsic rewards such as recognition by other staff members, community recognition, publication in journals to recognize the successes each member has worked hard to attain, and ven something as simple as a smile and a good Job from supervisory personnel will make a big difference in the way employees feel about their Jobs.As Executive Director, I personally will take this responsibility to make this happen and encourage others on my staff to do the same. The operating budget for this program is not large at only $1,600,000. It will take a great dea l of hard work to make this budget work and still have a successful program. With the help and dedication of our staff, along with positive support from community members, we can make it work. We will be applying for grants from theNational Education Association (NEA), California Teachers Association (CTA), government title grants (such as American With Disabilities Act (ADA)) funding, and other non-traditional grant donors. It is our hope that we can procure enough money to make this program operate smoothly and employ more staff members to encourage students to want to participate in a variety of programs. It is recognized that budgets will need to be increased each year because new students will be Joining established students in the program. It is estimated that for the first year there will be 1,000 eligible students and 2,000 each year after.If the program works well, we estimate this number will continue to grow as the individuals leave the program and find that their ability to find work at a better rate increases. As students hear that the program is working, they will want to participate more; word of mouth is by far one of the most important and cheapest methods of advertising.