The thought of choosing a college Essay Example for Free

The thought of choosing a college EssayThe future, begins, now Why? Because now, the thought of choosing a college has entered the minds of students and now, students founder to make a plectron between somewhat colleges. They ar striving on choosing the perfect college that best fits them. The hardest part of choosing a college is making sure the students are alert to the differences between some options, which in this case are four-year college and community college. The decision between which college to attend is difficult for some students to decide, so some things they should consider are, the prices, the courses for the students decided major and lastly, the rise to power drivements. After taking notice of these 3 aspects, community college by far is the better college to attend.Community college is much less expensive than a four-year college because it doesnt require travel expenses or home expenses like property taxes and mortgage interest. On average, it just now requires a 15-30 minute drive to the college, which is delightful, considering the fact that students are usu altogethery walking(prenominal) to home and besides paying for gas According to RCBC, the cost for one year at college is approximately $2,000.00, but some other things that might have to be paid for are, general fees, technology fees, and enrollment fees. Some other fees that may have to pay for include a $25 application fee, $50 late registration fee and special course fees. Something to take notice of is the credit hours a full-time under potassium alum student must have everywhere 12 or more credit hours per term. However many credit hours taken leave behinding determine how much the cost will be at all. So basically the things being paid for tuition, all the fees and however many credit hours that have been decided. Lastly, the costs will vary depending on whether the student is a resident physician, out of state student or an out of facey student. Who wouldnt w ant to go to a community college for less money and still get the kindred education as they would in a four-year college?For the students that dont know what major fits them, then community college is the perfect college to attend for their first couple of years. When students are not certain about the major they want to study in than four-year college is not their best option for their first two years of college. If students are onerous to find out what theyre most passionate in than community college is the way to go because community college gives students the chance to find out exactly what interests them (Choosing A College1). Yes, it is true that community college doesnt carry as much as a four-year college does, but students should consider how much it can actually help them. The professors at community colleges give all the students the education needed and going to a community college will also help them earn all the credits they will need for the future. By the future m eaning that, if they want they can transfer from a community college to a four-year college with having all the credits and required courses out of the way. past for the rest of the years, the students will just focus on their decided major. But, they need to make sure the credits are transferable so that they will count it in the next college attended. In summary, going to community college for the first two years and getting all of the courses out of the way is without a doubt, the best endeavor for those undecided of their majors.For the students that are beginning to decide on the college they want to attend, they must meet the entranceway requirements. In certain cases, some take aims will offer admission to students with low college entrance scores (Choosing A College 2). This means that many informs will allow the students who havent met the required admissions to attend but that s only in some cases. RCBC requires a graduate that has received their high school diploma a nd those who had a successful completion, which is grades better than Cs. The undergraduate or graduate must succeed in all courses with a C or grades higher than a C average. Achievements of an RCBC cumulative Gpa of 2.5 or greater at the time of admission (RCBC 1).So, it is obvious that students must have a diploma and a GPA of 2.5 or greater to attend community college. All in all, in order to attend the college of the scholars alternative, they must follow the admission requirements so they are able to attend.Four-year colleges are incredibly expensive due to the prices of housing, food, and even everyday life things. Now that some students live in a dorm or an apartment they will have to buy extra for the food and all the crazy things college kids like to buy for their dorms. If they decide to go to a college in the state they live in then theyre considered a resident so, harmonize to The College Of New Jersey, the tuitions and fees would roughly be.. $16,000.00, but thats no t all. The total cost for one year is relatively close to $29,000.00. If theyre not a resident than the tuition and fees would be close to $27,000.00, and for a whole year it is around $40,000.000. State and local governments subsidize(financially support) public schools, allowing lower tuition costs (Choosing A College 1). A few of the fees that are required to pay for would be, student Service fee, capital fee, Computing Access fee, Student Center fee and Student Activity fee. In all, going to a four-year college is clearly more expensive than going to a community college.For those that already know what they want to major in, then for them, four-year college is the better college to attend. Four-year colleges offer a wider range of majors to study and offers a bigger variety of degrees to receive. But, before they choose any college they must determine whether or not the college of their choice offers the programs needed for them to succeed in their major. Two of the most importa nt decisions faced by students contemplating postsecondary education is where to attend college and what major to choose (Eric R. Eide, Michael J. Hilmer and Mark H. Showalter 1). Clearly, one of the biggest split of attending any college is being able to choose the major that fits them now, in 5 years, 10 years, and so on. To conclude, this one big decision they make will dramatically change their future, and it will hopefully be for the best. The key point is finding out what path will be most beneficial to you(Choosing A College 2).When attending to a four-year college student must acknowledge the fact that four-year colleges are definitely harder to get accepted into.If the students SAT score is 900 and the schools average is 1300, then the student should think twice about their college of choice (Choosing a College 2). It is obvious that to get into a college you need the required school average in order to attend. The thing about enrolling in a four-year college is whether or not you enroll as a matriculated student or a non-matriculated student. A matriculated student is a student that registers to a certain school as a student and a non-matriculated student is a student that only goes to school for a short amount of time, so they only attend classes part-time and they can only register to take 12 or less credit hours. According to TCNJ, Individuals applying for matriculation are expected to hold a bachelors degree for proof of equivalent preparation to a opposed college or university (Graduate Studies 2). This basically means that students who are applying to be a student at their college of choice should have their required degrees in order to go elsewhere. In all, the admission requirements to get into a four-year college can be very complicated depending on where the student decides to go and how the student enrolls themselves.

Analyzing Aristotle Essay Example for Free

Analyzing Aristotle EssayThe soul and the body are different forms. While the body is visible and mortal, the soul is invisible and immortal. He suggests that although the body dies and decays, the soul continues to exist. I do believe in that location is life after death, all(prenominal)one must eventually die, and it cannot be avoided. However, even though death is a accompaniment of life, it is a topic that many people prefer not to talk about. This avoidance of discussion is usually due to the denial of ones take in death and the denial is usually due to fear. The fear is, for many people, a fear of the unknown.In my opinion i believe that when humans die, the body and the flair dies, but the mind still exists and it creates our afterlife according to our own beliefs and expectations. If a person believes there in nothing after death then there will not be a dream, it will be as if the person is asleep forever without dreaming. 2) Yes, I agree that the universe is purp oseful. The purpose of the creation, every though you have is creating your tomorrow. The universe has mysterious ways of revolving what we do day by day. For example Karma The sum of a persons actions in this and previous states of existence, viewed as decision making their fate in life. Aristotle said Yet there is God, though not perhaps the simple and human god conceived by the forgivable anthropomorphism of the girlish mind. Aristotle represents God as self-conscious spirit. A rather mysterious spirit for Aristotle Gods never does anything he has no desires, no will, no purpose he is activeness so pure that he never acts. He is absolutely perfect therefore cannot desire anything therefore He does nothing. His only occupation is to contemplate the load of things and since He himself is the essence of all things, the form of all forms, his sole employment is the contemplation of himself.

Grices Four Maxims

Grices Four MaximsGrice has proposed four aphorisms for conversation. Firstly, Grice proposes two mottos under the umbrella of quantity. Speakers bring forth to make their contri hardlyion as informative as is required and should not make their contribution more informative than is required. These two maxims atomic number 18 clearly related to the amount of information bewildern between the loud loudspeaker systems in their conversation or chat. Grice indicates that the amount of information between the speakers is prerequisite to let the communication goes on. Speakers need to avoid superfluous information through communication. Clearly, these two maxims are implicitly related to each another(prenominal). A simple example is A man stops his vehicle in the middle of the road to briefly affect you for directions. He may select Where is the post office?, the listener may say Not far or Continue on, and make the second left field up there. Youll see it (Jacob. 2001, 77). Cl early, the second response is more related to the maxim of quantity. Secondly, Grice posits maxim of quality which indicates that Try to make your contribution one that is true but, this is marooned into two specific maxims 1. do not say what you believe to be false. 2. do not say that for which you lack adequate point. (Grice 1989, 27). These two maxims seem kind of distinct. The former requires speakers to alship canal say true things rather false things while the second requires them to have some adequacy of their responses. For example, a speaker may consume Should I buy my son this new sports railroad car?. Speaker B may respond I dont know if thats such a good idea, his car runs fine or Yeah that sounds like a good idea, his car breaks down all the time (Jacob. 2001, 77). Next Grice adds another maxim called maxim of relation. Grice refers to this maxim by simply saying that Be Relevant (Grice 1989, 27). With respect to this maxim, Grice believes that speakers should add relevant input to the conversation being done. For instance, a speaker may ask How are you doing in school?. Speaker B may reply What fine weather were having lately Or Not so well, Im afraid. Id rather not discuss it (Jacob. 2001, 77). Unfortunately, this maxim has received considerable criticism. Searle, Wilson and Sperber have all rejected and criticized this maxim. Searle added that though it is initially intuitive, it is ultimately problematic (Searle 1992, 14). Lastly, Grice also posits a fourth maxim which indicates that speakers should avoid ambiguity and obscurity of expressions during their communication. They also have to be brief and orderly. A good example is Can you take out the trash? Sure, but we need to talk about how we are assigning the chores around here when I get back. (Jacob 2001, 77). Grice pointed out that maxims of manner may be insufficient and gave it bitty importance compared to the other maxims. Grice writes that It is obvious that observance of som e of these maxims is a matter of less urgency than is the observance of others a man who has expressed himself with undue windiness would, in general, be open to milder comment than would a man who has said something he believes to be false (Grice 1989, 27). Critics have argued that maxim of ambiguity is the most primary(prenominal) one compared to the other maxims because of its direct relation to what is called equivocation. Grice (1989) also suggests that there are other maxims such as social and moral. He also presents four ways in which speakers violate the four maxims. These ways are violation, opting out, a clash and flouting maxims. Guo (2006) presents a simple explanation of these four ways. The explanation comes in order. First, a speaker may opt out of observing the maxim due to his/her un volitioningness to cooperate with another speaker in the way maxim requires. Second, a speaker does not observe the four maxims due to the difficulty of conciliating a maxim with anot her at the same time. Third, a speaker may also die out in observing the maxim because of his/her intention to force the hearer to look for the meaning which is distinct from the expressed meaning. Lastly, a speaker intentionally violates the cooperative principles which results in lying. In short, these four maxims have come as an assumption to effective communication among speakers however, speakers may violate these maxims which results in ineffective communication as Grice and his proponents have suggested.It is said that following the four maxims leads to effective communication. Here, the relationship between the four maxims and communication is discussed. Schoolfield (2007) asserted that Communication is considered the basis of Gricean surmisal. It is also considered the point of conversation as clear communication can occur by means of a dialogue. Conversation is used to send information from one speaker to another. The efficiency of this move is determined by communicati on. Moreover, the similarity between Grices four maxims and the communicative goal of conversation, they require the cooperative principle to lead to effective communication. When one approaches conversations in terms of communication, the four maxims essential(prenominal) be mentioned. For instance, if a speaker does not give true information during his dialogue while his aim is communication, this seems that he does not wager in a cooperatively. Schoolfield (2007) discussed the relationship between the four maxims and communication. He points out the first maxim Make your contribution as informative as is required, is necessary in communication. Speakers provide an amount of information to communicate the intended idea while others provide insufficient information as a violation to the maxim so that they will not achieve the goal of communication. Thus, if the person has the goal of communication, he/she must include relevant facts related to the topic of the dialogue. As for Do not make your contribution more than is required,, Grice (1989) believes that it is not necessary in communication. Culturally, this is clear in English-speaking countries where people find it desirable not to give excessive information during communication, as Grice notes, a waste of time (Grice 1989, 26). Communication requires do not say what you believe to be false, as there will be a failure in communication if one is not honest in the information he/she states. Schoolfield (2007) this maxim is far necessary in cooperative information communication so that the information must not express something false. In addition, Do not say that for which you lack adequate evidence, is an pleasurable rule for communicators. Therefore, Schoolfield (2007) argues that there must be at least some basic level of understanding as to what can count as evidence or they may be very serious breakdowns in communication. Relevance maxim is most desirable in communicative conversations because when we receive certain information, communication requires responses that are relevant to the information given however, it is sometime irrelevant in achieving the goals of communication. (Hintikka 1986 argued that relevancy is important in cooperative and effective communication however, many other have reduced the importance of relevance to efficiency. As to manner maxim, as Grice states, Avoid obscurity of expression, it is also necessary for effective communication since one must have clear and coherent communication. Schoolfield (2007) believes that if there is not some clarity in communication, then much confusion will arise or append for the listeners. Likewise, avoid ambiguity will be necessary for cooperative communication (Grice 1989, 27). Schoolfield (2007) explained that ambiguity arises due to two interpretations that come from one statement. Thus, the avoidance of ambiguity, with regards to effective communication, must further be followed when it can occur. Next is, Be brief (avoid unnecessary prolixity), (Grice 1989, 27). Schoolfield (2007) believes that brevity is a cultural norm and helpful in communication. Thus, while a consideration for avoiding unnecessary prolixity is acceptable, any issue of brevity being required for cooperative communication will be only decided at bottom a conventional framework. Lastly, Be orderly (Grice 1989, 27). Schoolfield (2007) indicated that this maxim is not necessary in effective communication. Instead, he has given much attention to the speed of plentiful information rather the orderliness of giving information. The Gricen theory is believed to be true not just for conversation, but also for written communication. Cooper (1982112) maintained that this theory is also common in writing and what Grice says about conversation applies equally to all communication. In conclusion, through this brief discussion of the four maxims and their role in communication, I can say that some of Gricean maxims are not neces sary in communication while others are.Gricen maxims play a crucial role in communication. However, his theory is always argued by many scholars and researchers. First, its not clear whether the maxims work in other languages and cultures as some cultures such as Malagasy follow in all different maxims in their communication. In their culture, speakers are not willing to share information. They tend to evade direct questions and reply incomplete answers. Second, they are not a complete listing of the rules we follow in conversation for example, there are also rules about, say, politeness, which are not addressed in his maxims. Third, the Gricean Maxims, despite their wording, are only meant to describe the commonly accepted traits of successful cooperative communication.

Art Is Lie That Brings Truth Nearer

Art Is Lie That Brings Truth Ne atomic number 18rI decided to evaluate the quotation by Pablo Picasso Art is a lie that brings us nearby to the truth because the claim contains several issues that, depending on the definition, may lead to further difficulties in interpretation. What do we represent by truth? What is a lie What do we mean by arts? Who do we consider when saying us? A piece of art, as a separate subject, is hermetically understood by e truly unmarried. It inspires us all, both(prenominal) creators and receivers of the art leading to specific, somebodyal, conclusions. hence, not only the main assumption but also the main outcome of the arts is relativism that is why we cannot state whatsoever absolute values in it. As Pablo Picasso once said You will not understand arts as long as you wont understand that in arts 1+1 may give any result but 21. This underlines, I believe, that art is never able to give an absolute answer, hence is a lie in absolute terms. Hence, art outlines only the artists personal revenue stamp, his truth, and cannot be a measure of any unambiguous distinction amid the absolute and impression itself. Since it is the quotation of Pablo Picasso that is evaluated in this essay, it can be explained in relation to cubist theory of truth. The theory claims the replete(p) truth is a sum of all perspectives. So the much personal truths, in relativistic terms, or various lies (not hole truths), in absolute terms, are added, the closer one gets to knowing the real truth. That is how the art is a lie that helps us realise the truth. I will prove my thesis by analysing what cordial of truth do paintings of Johannes Vermeer, a realist, Pierre Auguste Renoir, an impressionist, Edward bray, an expressionist, and Rij Rousseau, a cubist, tell me separately and altogether well-nigh women. These artists, and specific movements they represent, were chosen because of the underlying contrast in both perceiving the truth and expressing it. They represent varied approaches which will allow to present flaws in each view and draw moderate conclusion, which falls into the thesis of the investigation.The painting The dairymaid , by Vermeer, shows a cleaning char standing in a kitchen, preparing a meal. Her face is calm and it can be judged from her clothes and the content of the room that she lives in relative luxury. The painting presents somehow the reality of the 17th century social situation in Netherlands which gives me a social and historical truth concerning woman. Additionally, Vermeers truth about women is that they are the guardians of the households. His view falls into correspondence theory of truth, which claims that something is true if it corresponds to a fact. Despite recent XXth centurys social changes concerning womans position, they have always played a major(ip) role in taking care of home. The movement itself is an example of realism that comprises in the mimetic theory of art. The concept of mim esis assumes that the purpose of the art is to copy reality. Therefore the problem arises when evaluating realism- is it false because it deals with imitation, or it is true through paradox of fiction- that the model presents some regularities of human behavior? I believe that by taking from the calibre her personal identity in exchange for creating a generalized model, Vermeer in fact hinders the personal truth about this woman. He effectively presents the social give and historical truth, however generalization is always concerned only with average, not with all possibilities.The painting Woman with a dog of Renoir presents a woman with a dog sitting in the grass. The blurry curves are used in order to show movement of the grass. By looking at the bloom and the ruby-red shade on a girl it can be judged it is a late afternoon. Renoirs truth in this painting applies only to womans look in a specific place at a specific period. Additionally, the painting says something personal a bout her- that she probably enjoyed spending her time close to the nature, since her face expresses joy, and that she probably enjoyed observation sunsets. The painting is an creative thinkerl example of impressionism. As Childe Hassam4once noticed The true impressionism is realism that so many people do not observe. The crucial difference, however, between these two concepts is that impressionism tries to prove that truth is not a generalisation, like in realism. Instead, it uncovers the truth about certain objects in relation to very specific time and place. Therefore, impressionism also falls into correspondence theory of truth since Renoirs painting corresponds to a fact- girls look during a sunset. However, since impressionists tried to immortalise the very glance we must assume ourselves how nigh truth is that? Following Monets thoughts I assume that the truth about everything would be hindered in a series of glances. Thus, showing just one of the uncountable in their numbe r glances gives us only an insignifi sanctimoniousnessly small part of the truth about women in general and the girl in particular.The painting Madonna by Edvard Munch presents a woman with sunken orbits and slender posture which makes her look like a the Tempter. The foetus in the left corner symbolises fertility and therefore depicts woman as a source of life. Her face expresses experiencing ecstasy and by linking this image with the title of a piece, Madonna, which is the Christian perception of a Holy mother, Munch degraded the value of woman. The artist was a misogynist and his truth is that a woman is a source of all suffering, the mother of heresy and the incarnation of vestal evil.6Expressionists, like Munch, disregarded mimetic approach to arts instead they wanted to show the world through the prism of their own perception. Thus, the basic idea in this movement was not to imitate reality (so they were not interested in absolutes), but to present the very subjective and ve ry personal opinions- just as in the coherence theory of truth. The theory claims that a proposition is true if it fits in with our overall set of beliefs. Although the concept of woman being a demon could be true for Munch, for majority of people it would be perceived as extremist and prejudiced view. However, expressionism, because of its fundamental assumptions, speaks more of the painter than of the world. Munchs perception derives from fear of woman that is why it is so narrow. Nevertheless, this narrowness is a deliberate action. Author, as an expressionist, through his works tells me This is MY truth, what is yours?The painting of Rij-Rousseau does not describe, as the title could suggested, the outer look. In portrait she depicted three different bodies which shows the complexity and diversity of womens nature. It can be cheerful and warm (orange), or impassive and cold (green), and there is also the person between them, poorly visible, brown- imitating the whole uncertaint y and mystery of other womans embodiments. Rousseaus truth about woman is hidden in symbols the green face resembles a mask, so the outer look, which would mean that the blithe person represents the inner nature of woman. Therefore, the painting represents the very essence of the cubist theory of truth-to present the object in the widest scope possible by considering it from multiple viewpoints. In other words cubism assumes that we are getting closer to the truth the more perspectives we get to know. But now again, how good truth is that? I now realize that the absolute truth about woman means summing up all the personal truths about each woman separately, yet it is an hopeless task. Furthermore, any attempt to draw a mathematically moderate view about woman would mean going back to the very beginning, so the concepts of generalization and mimesis. Therefore, what is gained through dealing with arts is not only finding out how great is our own ignorance, but also how unattainable to comprehend, and impossible to depict, the absolute truth is.What have I gained through dealing with the paintings of Vermeer, Renoir, Munch and Rousseau? The Milkmaid told me what the social status in Netherlands was in XVIIth century. Renoir immortalised some girls look at the time of a sunset, the emotions that her face expressed and the move of the grass around her. Munch told me of his greatest despise and fear of women. Rousseau showed not to trust the first impression because a woman is a very complex being. Therefore, I am wiser with the views of these four paintings, bur now I realise I am poorer with the want of the perceptions depicted in another thousands paintings. Thus, I know that I know nothing8of the absolute truth about woman, since I just grasped only an idea of the truths complexity. When Picasso said that art is a lie that helps us realise the truth I believe he didnt mean any specific style, i.e. he didnt mean that realism is a lie, but that all the achieve ments in arts, in all styles and assumptions, are just not complete. Having in mind that Picasso actually created cubism, I cant resist evaluating his claim in relation to cubist theory of truth. According to this idea the absolute truth is a mosaic composed of various elements individual approaches. In other words, what Picasso meant is that arts is closed in specific boundaries of different styles and cannot present the whole picture, therefore is a lie. However, as new forms and concepts are created the more perspectives are added and, piece by piece, the mosaic is being completed.

Case Study: Urachal Carcinoma in a Young Man

sheath Study Urachal Carcinoma in a Young ManA r atomic number 18 case of urachal carcinoma in a young bitYoung Kwon Hong, Haeyoun Kang1, Moon Hyung Kang, Dong Soo ParkINTRODUCTIONUrachal carcinoma accounts for less than 1% of vesica cancers and approximately 40% of vesical adenocarcinomas. Historically, patients tend to be possessed of a poor prognosis, with 5-year survival rates of 6.561.0%. Therefore it is important to detect the disease as early as possible. Most urachal cancers have been reported at the middle or old age, and it is hard to think that urachal remnant has malignant remove in a young man at the age of twenties. hither we introduce a very rare urachal cancer case in a young man and we would resembling to remind that urachal remnants have potential to change from benign to malignant as earlier than expected.CASE REPORTA 26 year old man visited our clinic with gross hematuria starting a few months ago. Urinalysis showed many RBC, and CT scan showed a 4.0 x 6.8 cm sized lobulated vesicleic push-down stack over the bladder dome which was rigid midline to the right side. The mass has calcified thick wall with suspicious contrast enhancement (Fig 1). Cystoscopy showed a ball-shape extrinsic mass from the bladder dome with intact bladder mucosa (Fig 2). With an impression of urachal cancer laparoscopic surgery was performed. Camera port was placed 5cm above the umbilicus, and two instrument ports were placed 7cm lateral and 2cm caudal to the camera port. foregoing peritoneum was dissected deep and widely from the level of umbilicus down to the UB including median umbilical ligament and part of both medial umbilical ligaments. Cystoscope was introduced from the urethra into the bladder to illuminate the coast of the mass and to facilitate keeping enough distance from the mass during laparoscopic incomplete cystectomy. Bladder was repaired continuously with 4-0 vicryl suture. After placing a closed suction drain the mass was wrapped into an Endo CatchTM bag and squeezed out done with(predicate) the extended umbilicus opening. A Foley catheter was inserted into the bladder and the port sites were closed. Cross section of the surgical specimen showed a unilocular cyst without definite solid part, filled with gray tan to brownish thick mucus material. It also showed whitish to yellowish thick wall with multifocal calcifications (Fig 3). Immunohistochemical staining was buckram positive on CEA, positive on CD15 (LeuMI), and weak positive on CK7 and CK20. Final diagnosis was well differentiated mucinous urachal adenocarcinoma invading bladder muscle, pT3a based on Sheldons staging system, pT2b based on Mayo system, and pT2 based on Ontario system. Surgical margin was negative.DISCUSSIONMalignant involvement of the urachus is seldom reported, one in 5 million people, accounting for 0.35% to 0.7% of all bladder cancers 1. It has been reported close toly in adults over 30 long time old. To our best knowledge, unaccompani ed one adult case of urachal carcinoma diagnosed before the age of 26 has been reported in the English written literature, although two cases have been reported in 15 year-old girls 2-7. The youngest adult case in a 22 year-old patient is found on MD Anderson cancer center of attention experience written by Siefker-Radtke et al 4. According to the MSKCC study of 24 cases, two young men who was 26, 29 years old from each one found to have urachal cancer 5. The 26 year-old man received extended partial cystectomy, umbilectomy and pelvic LN dissection, and survived at alone 0.9 month of follow up without commodious-term survival data. The 29-year-old man received extended partial cystectomy and umbilectomy, and survived at 17 months of follow up without local recurrence or metastasis. Even in a large series study, Mayo clinic study of 49 cases for 53 years, the youngest was 43 years old 8. Our case is an urachal adenocarcinoma found in a 26 year-old man, the second youngest adult c ase ever reported. historic period at the diagnosis of urachal carcinoma is important to understand pathogenetic transitional mechanism from benign to malignancy. Also clinicians should be aware that urachal carcinoma may occur early in the aliveness time at the age of twenties.ReferencesSheldon CA,Clayman RV,Gonzalez R,Williams RD,Fraley EE. Malignanturachallesions. J Urol.1984 131(1)1-8.Cornil C,Reynolds CT,Kickham CJ. Carcinoma of the urachus. J Urol.1967 98(1)93-5.Gupta S,Bhaijee F,Harmon EP. Mucinousneoplasmarisingin aurachalcyst a first in the pediatric population. Urology.2014 83(2)455-6.Siefker-Radtke AO,Gee J,Shen Y,Wen S,Daliani D,Millikan RE,Pisters LL. Multimodalitymanagement ofurachalcarcinoma the M. D. Anderson Cancer Center experience. J Urol.2003 169(4)1295-8.Gopalan A,Sharp DS,Fine SW,Tickoo SK,Herr HW,Reuter VE,Olgac S. Urachalcarcinoma aclinicopathologicanalysisof24caseswith outcome correlation. Am J Surg Pathol.2009 33(5)659-68.Pinthus JH,Haddad R,Trachtenberg J,Holowaty E,Bowler J,Herzenberg AM,Jewett M,Fleshner NE. Populationbasedsurvivaldataonurachaltumors. J Urol.2006 175(6)2042-7 discussion 2047.Henly DR1,Farrow GM,Zincke H. Urachal cancer role of conservative surgery. Urology.1993 42(6)635-9.Molina JR,Quevedo JF,Furth AF,Richardson RL,Zincke H,Burch PA. Predictorsofsurvivalfromurachal cancer a Mayo Clinic study of 49 cases. Cancer.2007 110(11)2434-40.Acute Tonsillitis Chronic Ulcerative Colitis Case StudyAcute Tonsillitis Chronic Ulcerative Colitis Case StudyKatharine Buzzbee is a pleasant young girl of 9 years old. She was brought to the health center with complaints of sore throat with difficulty sw throw overboarding. Her m new(prenominal)wise states that Katharine has had similar symptoms three separate time this year. The illnesses begin with irritation in the throat that progress to pain. The pain radiates to her ears and she largely develops a fever during the course of each attack. The patient also has a history of d eveloping support colds where she experiences headaches, a stuffy nose and frequent sneezing. Her aged brother and sister have both recently had the customary cold. The patient is otherwise healthy with no major illnesses or injuries.Clinical manifestations On examination, Katharines palatal tonsils are swollen, red and surrounded by exudate. She has a temperature of 101.1F and complains of a running nose and headache. She appears tired and isnt as energetic as in our foregoing encounters.Diagnosis peachy tonsillitis. Throat culture confirmed strep. bacterial infection.Etiology Acute tonsillitis is generally cause by a viral infection, most commonly ca utilise by common cold computer viruses much(prenominal) as adenovirus, rhinovirus, influenza, coronavirus, respiratory syncytial virus. The Epstein-Barr virus, herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus and HIV occasionally manifest as tonsillitis.The second cause of acute tonsillitis is bacterial1 ( approximately 30% of patients). The common bacterium is group A Beta hemolytic streptoccal. Other strains of bacteria are less common. The patient listed above has this type of infection.Pathogenesis virus or bacteria attacks tonsil tissue exiting the response of innate immunity and adaptive immunity of T and B mobile phones contained in the tonsils. The lymphocytes fight the infection, which leads to inflammation. As long as the lymphocytes and other cells can weaken the virus/bacteria the damage to the cells within the tonsils pass on repose reversible.Treatment 10-day course of oral penicillin2, rest and hydration. outlook symptoms should resolve during course of treatment. If frequent onset of tonsillitis continues tonsillectomy may be recommended. rabble-rousing responseThe bacteria is ingested or inhaled and attaches to the palatalised tonsils (injury). At the gross level the tonsils function swollen with erythema causing pain and difficulty completing normal tasks such as swallowing.In the study by Lil jaa, Raisanenb and Stenfors3, the researchers studied bacterial and epithelial cells from palatine tonsils of nine patients with positive streptococcus pyogenes infection. The reported findings showed, S. pyogenes could be identified both in the mucous layer covering the tonsils and attached to the surface epithelial cells. wide chains of coccus-shaped bacteria could be seen encroaching on the epithelial cell borders. S. pyogenes can apparently penetrate the mucous barrier, attach to the epithelial cells, spread from cell to cell and possibly penetrate into the outermost layer of the epithelial cells. These events in turn provoke cytokine production and/or complement activation, which induce inflammatory response in the tonsillar tissue (activation).Dead bacteria and bacterial debris give remain at the site of the infection and must(prenominal) be removed (phagocytosis) from this vault of heaven by neutrophils and macrophages.Once the bacterium has been removed through phagocyt es the tonsillar tissue will resume its normal form through resolution (healing process). Swelling and pain will cease.Chronic inflammation Ulcerative CollitisCase studyJedediah Jones is a 24-year-old student pursing a degree in chiropractic medicine. He presents today with abdominal pain and frequent diarrhea containing mucus and blood. The onset of these symptoms began 2 months ago, but Jedediah decided to seek treatment when his frequent bowel movements began to disrupt his studies. Patient states that on average he has approximately 8 bowel movements per day, most frequently occurring after a meal. His abdominal pain is most severe before a bowel movement, but remains constant at the pain level of 4 out of 10. Patient says pain is 6 out of 10 at its worse. Patient attributes the symptoms to his fresh adopted diet mostly consisting of fast food. Until recently he lived at home where all his meals were homemade.Patient has experienced an increased level of stress since get down his studies (6 months ago) and subsequently quit smoking cigarettes. Patient exercises regularly, but has experienced a decrease in energy levels since the onset of symptoms. Patient denies other illness or injuries and is currently not taking any medication. Patients twin brother was recently diagnosed with Crohns disease and his maternal grand get under ones skin died of colon cancer at 48 years old.Clinical manifestations LLQ tender upon palpation and entire abdomen appears distended. Patient claims 8 bowel movements per day with a watery consistency containing mucus and blood. Conjuctiva and finger pinpoint beds appear pale.Diagnosis ulcerative colitis, confirmed by positive biopsy removed during sigmoidoscopy. Inflammation of bowel appeared to extend no further than the descending colon with most severe inflammation and ulceration in the sigmoid section. Stool cultures ruled out parasitic infection.Etiology the cause of ulcerative colitis is unknown, but factors such as gene tics7, psychological stress, smoking cessation and poor diet have been attributed to onset of disease.Pathogenesis as stated in the pathology textbook7, Most investigators believe that ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease progeny from a combination of defects in host interactions with intestinal microbiota, intestinal epithelial dysfunction, and aberrant mucosal immune responses.Treatment Sulfasalazine 2 pills by mouth, 3 times per day. Rowasa (mesalamine) rectal suspension enema, at bedtime until bleeding stops.Prognosis continue medication until symptoms have resolved completely. Maintenance therapy will be recommended indefinitely to avoid relapse.Inflammatory responsePodolsky8 explains in his article that inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is believed to be the proceeds of an ongoing activation of the mucosal immune system. This abnormal response is apt(predicate) due to the defects in both the intestinal epithelium and the mucosal immune system (injury).Podolsky8 all the gui dance defines the inflammatory response of IBD, Chronic, recurrent intestinal inflammation appears to result from stimulation of the mucosal immune system by-products of commensal bacteria in the lumen. Stimulation may occur as a result of the penetration of bacterial products through the mucosal barrier, leading to their direct interaction with immune cells, especially dendritic cells and lymphocyte populations (chemotaxis). Alternatively, bacterial products may stimulate the surface epithelium, possibly through receptors that are components of the innate immune-response system the epithelium can, in turn, produce cytokines and chemokines that recruit and activate mucosal immune cells (transmigration).Cellular changes occur in ulcerative colitis as the chronic inflammation may lead to mucosal atrophy7, damage to the muscularis propria and disrupt neuromuscular function leading to colonic dilation and risk of perforation (cellular changes).As stated in the textbook7, The inflammator y process is diffuse and generally limited to the mucosa and superficial submucosa. Submucosal fibrosis, mucosal atrophy and distorted mucosal architecture remain a residual of healed disease but histology may also revert to near normal after prolonged remission (healing process).ResourcesMerck Manuals Online Medical Library. Tonsillopharyngitis. obtainable at http//www.merck.com/mmpe/sec08/ch090/ch090i.html. Accessed October 21, 2010Venes D, Thomas C (Eds.). Tabers Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary 19th ed. Philadelphia, PA F.A. Davis 2001Liljaa M, Raisanenb S, Stenfors L E. Initial events in the pathogenesis of acute tonsillitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes. Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol. September 1998 45 (1) 15 20.Mansson A, Adner M, Cardell L O. Toll-like receptors in cellular subsets of human tonsil T cells altered expression during recurrent tonsillitis. Respir Res. 2006 7(1) 36Ebenfelt A, Ericson L E, Lundberg C. Acute Pharyngotonsillitis is an Infection curb to the C rypt and Surface Secretion. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh) 1998 118 264 271.Wikipedia contributors. Wound healing. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. October 23, 2010, 1400 UTC. Available at http//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wound_healingoldid=392404843. Accessed October 24, 2010.Kumar V, Abbas A, Fausto N, Aster J. The Gastrointestinal Tract (Ch 17). Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA Saunders Elsevier 2010 810 814Podolsky, D. Inflammatory Bowel Disease. N Engl J Med 2002 347417-429The Empire Writes Back parking lot is the ColourThe Empire Writes Back Green is the ColourAshcroft, Bill et al in the book The Empire Writes Back Theory and Practice in Post Colonial Literature discusses what order- colonial is and explains among others the theories of post-colonialism. According to Ashcroft et al, the term colonial can be used to cover all the culture affected by the purple process from the moment of colonization to the present which concerns with the world as it exists during and after the period of European imperial domination and the tacks of this on contemporary literatures. These contemporary literatures include those produced in the African countries, Australia, Bangladesh, Canada, Caribbean countries, India, Malaysia, Malta, New Zealand, Pakistan, Singapore, South Pacific countries, Sri Langka and even the USA (p.2). learning of post-colonial literatures happens through several constitutes along with the stages of topic or regional consciousness and the project of asserting difference from the imperial centre (ibid, p.5). The first stage is the stage of the imperialism where writings were produced using the language of the imperial centre because they were written mainly by the literate elites which can also be regarded as the representative of the imperial power. Examples include gentrified settlers (Wentworths Australia), travellers and sightseers (Froudes Oceana, and his The English in the West Indies or th e travel diaries of Mary Kingsley) or the Anglo-Indian and West African administrators, soldiers and boxwallah and their memsahibs (volumes of memoirs). At this stage the writers not only talk about the landscape, language and culture of the place but also emphasize the home over the native, the metropolitan over the provincial or colonial and so on (ibid, p.5).The second stage involved literature produced by what Aschroft et. al termed as under the imperial license by the natives or outcasts like the English educated Indian upper class or the African missionary literature. However, the institution of Literature in the colony was still under the moderate of the imperial ruling class which prevented the writers from fully exploring their anti-Imperial potential. One of the examples given is a refreshful entitled Ralph Rashleigh by James Tucker. Basically, there are four post colonial models which can be used to study literary texts. The first model is the national or regional model s which emphasize the distinctive features of the contingent national or regional culture while the second one is the race- based model which identifies certain shared characteristics across various national literatures such as the common racial inheritance in literatures of the African diaspora addressed by the Black Writing model. Comparative models of varying complexity which seek to account for particular linguistic, historical and cultural features across two or more post-colonial literature is the third model while the last one which is rather comprehensive is the proportional models which argues things such as hybridity and syncreticity as the constitutive elements of all post-colonial literature.One of the popular preoccupations of postcolonial literature deals with nationalism. Several definitions of nationalism can be found in the dictionaries and among them are the devotion to the interests or culture of ones nation the belief that nations will benefit from acting indep endently rather than collectively emphasizing national rather than supranational goals and aspirations for national independence in a country under foreign domination (http//www.thefreedictionary.com/nationalism). Benedict Anderson (1983) defines nation as imagined, limited and sovereign communities. According to Anderson imagined corporation is different from an actual confederacy because it is not (and, for practical reasons, cannot be) based on everyday face-to-face interaction between its members. Anderson argues that nations are a small mentation shared by a geographically limited area of people that despite its limitation has influence and power in its greater region and reign over its people. res publica became more and more realized as linguistic diversity, religious authority and traditional monarchies faded. A nation is imagined because the members of even the smallest nation will never know most of their fellow-members, meet them, or even hear of them, yet in the min ds of each, lives the image of their communion and regardless of the actual inequality and using that may prevail in each, the nation is always conceived as a deep, horizontal comradeship. Members of the community probably will never know each of the other members face to face however, they may have similar interests or identify as part of the same nation. Anderson believes that his creation of imagined communities became possible because of print-capitalism. Capitalist entrepreneurs printed their books and media in the vocabulary (instead of exclusive script languages, such as Latin) in order to maximize circulation. As a result, readers speaking various local dialects became able to understand each other, and a common discourse emerged. Anderson argued that the first European nation-states were thus formed around their national print-languages.Quayum (2009) in his introductory note for Writing A Nation Essays on Malaysian Literature stated that nationalism implies idealisation o f the nation that has many positive qualities in its ideal state. Besides creating the sense of belonging, solidarity and shared rank for all its citizens where all members recognise mutual rights and duties towards one another, it also creates a sense of conviction and loyalty among members to certain shared artefacts of the nation. Quayaum however believes that to some fulfilment nationalism may also be dangerous because there is a probability that the idealisation of the nation can turn into idolatry and nationalist sight can deteriorate into demagoguery, divisiveness, despotism, radicalism and racism which may lead to sectarian arrogance and destroy the creative bond of the wholeness of humanity.Lloyd Fernandos Green is the ColourLloyd Fernandos Scorpion Orchid (1976) and Green is the Colour (1993) provide crucial insights into the state of belonging and nation-formation, as well as the minimise realities of racial religious segregation and politics of prejudice which are sti ll rampant in the contemporary Malaysian ideological landscape (Qayum and Nam, 2009).Although the exact time frame for Lloyd Fernandos young Green is the Colour has not been clearly stated, it is quite possible that the historical context which Fernando is in this instant referring to was the Malaysian Racial Riot of 13th May, 1969. The novel exposed the unstable relationship between the racial and religious groups of Malaysia which continues to haunt the socio-cultural fabric of the country up until today (Ng, 2009). Thus, the depiction of violence, prejudices between different races and roaming vigilante in the countryside were quite real and became a common sight at that time. The effect of the racial unrest which is referred in the novel as the unsightly scab in Malaysian history can directly be felt by the multicultural citizens represented by characters like Siti Sara, Dahlan, Yun Ming and Gita.The ill-fated, cross-cultural relationship between Siti Sara and Yun Ming and thei r reflections to the uncertain situation in the country sire the focus of the novel. Yun Ming, a second generation Chinese is a civil servant working for the Ministry of Home Affairs who seeks justice by working from within the government. He lusts for Sara, an oversea- graduate lecturer teaching in a local premier university from the first moment he sees her at a concert. Since the first meeting, Yun Ming seems to smack a kind of attraction towards Siti Sara and always tries to find ways or opportunities to be near her. Siti Sara who at first tries not to make her feeling unambiguous due to her status as Omars wife finally responds and begins to find comfort and peace in Yun Mings company who is described as gentle and moderate and looks at things from a human point of view and believes in the brotherhood of all. His sincerity and trustworthiness are evidenced through his willingness to risk his life in distributing informality goods in the Malay areas even during the peak of r acial riot. The understanding and tolerance that Sara never gets from her spouse leads Sara to be deeply in love with the Chinese guy. disrespect all the challenges and disapproval from others (except from Lebai Hanafiah, Siti Saras father), the couple is almost successful in their relationship until Yun Ming is caught under the instruction of the villain in the novel- Panglima.Siti Sara is very significant in the novel not only as a heroine but also a narrator. As such, the story is mainly narrated from her viewpoint except for Chapter 9 which is narrated by Lebai Hanafiah, Siti Saras father and Chapter 15 by Dahlan a lawyer. Saras father has certainly becomes instrumental in shaping her into a liberal, tolerant and accommodative woman ( ). Although described as not having a unitary, parochial sense of identity like her lover Yun Ming, nor adopt a monolithic model of nationalism like her husband Omar ( ), Siti Saras character is used to realise the authors philosophy of fellowship and understanding among multi-racial Malaysia ( ). Fernando tries to promote a tolerant, selfless Bangsa Malaysia in this novel through the depiction of the characters of Yun Ming, Siti Sara and Lebai Hanafiah. Through the story, Fernando not only shows the effect of explosive and intractable racial riots on the entire nation but also on the band of closely linked individuals and how their relationships are affected by the event particularly by their contesting views of the nation. The interpretation of nation or imagined community according to him would be a community that is open- minded, receptive and tolerant towards each other just like the relationship of Siti Sara and Yun Ming. Even though Panglimas single set of values may be necessary as a reference, it is wise to allow for some freedoms for the multiracial society to practice what they believe to be right and appropriate without letting their contesting views affect their judgments and relationship with other. As Quayum, (2007) puts it, as long as we consider love as the base of all metaphysics and humanity and as the highest principle in life, we can never go wrong in self-refashioning ourselves as a nation or a society.Fernando enunciated his firmly-held belief in the integration of races and religions in his two novels Scorpion Orchid (1976) and Green is the Colour (1993) while deftly criticising common and divisive politics which inevitably result in intolerance and destruction. These two novels provide an insight into the state of belonging and nation-formation as well as the understated realities of racial-religious segregation and politics which are regarded as sensitive but anyhow still relevant to be discussed up till now (Ng, 2009). Even though Fernando seems to rely on the incidents of the 1969 racial riot to construct the ideological backdrop of the novel, it is however inaccurate to generalize it as depicting the realities of the tensions. Instead, a careful recital will reveal that th e novel is in fact depicting the ideological state of affairs in Malaysia of the 80s and 90s, a situation which Fernando views as dire to the nations health due to the communal, prejudicial agendas of certain political groups. Fernando tries to bring to attention the dangerous direction towards which the nation is heading, a direction that is increasingly forgetting its multicultural makeup in the move towards racial-religious homogeneity (ibid. p.118-119).Although some critics feel that the portrayal of women characters in both Fernandos novel Scorpion Orchid and Green is the Colour is rather biasMohammad A.Quayum who reads Siti Sara as a metaphor of a nation argues that her rape by Panglima is especially significantshe is at the centre of the novel and associated with the countryside and the natural beauty of Malaysia from time to time. The authors worst fears about the future of Malaysia would be realised if corrupt politicians and bureaucrats like Panglima were allowed to remain at the helm and rule of the country (Shaping a New National Destiny with Dialogic, p. 170)The novel reveals what would happen to Malaysia if megalomaniac, bigoted and close-minded politicians were to come into power and threaten to divest other racial groups of their rights to religious and cultural affiliations (Andrew Ng, 2009, p.119)Fernando articulates the dangers of deploying religion for selfish, politically-invested ends echoes precisely the socio-political situation in Malaysia during this period. (Andrew Ng, 2009, p.119)Other character include Dahlan, a renegade Malay lawyer who persistently questions Malay supremacy and privileges resulting in him being rejected by his community (Andrew Ng, 2009, p.119)Racial harmony cannot be reinstated by force. Panglima who represents the corrupted leader of the country and Ustaz Bahaudin a leader of a religious extremist have their own way to forward their homogenising, monolithic agendas. Panglima constantly talks about an ominous st rategy for nation-building. According to him in order to maintain the order in the country everybody must follow one way of life and has one way of doing things. Tuan Guru Bahaudin and the Panglima endorse the view that a nation comprising many religions cannot become united and only through a single faith at the (potentially violent) expense of others can function as the adhesive for a people that is otherwise racially segregated (Wilson in Andrew Ng, 2009, p.123)

John Strachan, First Bishop of Toronto - The Holy Terror :: Canadian Canada History

John Strachan The Holy TerrorMany individuals appear to brace honourable intentions but often their objectives are flawed. John Strachan lived through and influenced many key events of Canadian history. He was a highly esteemed teacher of fuddled Loyalist children, a pastoral leader during the War of 1812, a supporter of education, a member of the government, he played a prime design in the Rebellions of 1837 and he eventually rose to become the first Bishop of Toronto. John Strachan had a highly Loyalist view towards the governing of Upper Canada he was especially tightlipped to the betterment of the Church of England. Strachan was in favour of a purely British Upper Canada or at least one run according to British standards. Although Strachan believed that the best way was the British way, many individuals in Upper Canada disagreed. Strachans attempts to monopolize all opportunities in favour of the British caused public uproar and debate. His controversial role in government wa s regarded by some as unnecessary and ungodly since he was a supposed man of God. His manipulation of events were protested but usually veritable his skills of influencing were uncontested. John Strachan used his powerful status to negatively influence Upper Canadian society. John Strachans harmful intentions are evident in his supporting of the monopolisation of the clergy reserves, controlling of non-British immigration, lobbying strictly for Anglican education in schools, his manipulation of the government and his poor reputation amongst the public. John Strachan believed that the Anglican control of the clergy reserves was necessary in order to go through a truly British Upper Canadian society. For example, the Constitution Act 1791 stated that one-seventh of land in Upper Canada was to be reserved for the Protestant Clergy. In a letter to the Bishop of Quebec, Jacob Mountain, Strachan stated, The words Protestant Clergy...refer exclusively to the Clergy of the Church of Engl and (Henderson b 86). Strachan refused to acknowledge other Christian denominations because he wanted to ensure the future of the Anglican Church and Anglican educational ideals. When the bishop came to visit in 1820, he established John Strachan as the chairman of the Clergy Corporation he was make responsible to collect and manage all revenue made from the clergy reserves. For four years, Strachan was in charge of a vast amount of wealth until the Presbyterians launched protests declaring that they had a ripe to the land.

Violence In the Media :: Papers

Public attention to force play in television set has been evident since the primeval 1950s. Since then, some have come to feel that the portrayal of violence on television is an example of the moral breakd admit of our once-great nation. Although, various scholars have clearly shown that violence has been a part of the human societys system of communication. And today, television plays a huge role in our system of mass communication. Unfortunately, television is thought to have an uphold on the beliefs and actions of viewers, especially of squirtren and teenagers. Most boys and girls who see violent acts performed on television are more probably to become violent and aggressive in their own lives. Two Chicago doctors, Leonard Eron, and Rowell Huesmann followed the viewing habits of a group of children for twenty-two years. They concluded that watching violence on television encourages violent and aggressive behavior. Programs, advertisements, and even the discussion is giving the public a warped view of reality. Since most people have little experience with crime and violent acts, they are more likely to believe what they see on television. By distorting reality, television has caused the increase of violence because of learned behaviors, sex roles and other stereotypical attitudes, and the desensitization of children.One of the main reasons television creates a fair amount of violence in society is the fact that children learn the specific behaviors they observe. It has been established above all that children watch television to carry through themselves occupied and for amusement. Television has and informative and social function. Children have said from television they get ideas, learn about good and evil, and get an idea of reality. Dr. George Camshichs analysis on the effects of television is the vicarious socialization that television conveys our values and norms to maturing individuals in a way that could affect how they function in society (Williams, 161). In send for a child to be modulated significantly by a particular program, they must find the programs credible. The child then develops opinions through different sources(parents, teachers, peers), and then the child will have their own experiences, relating what they saw on television with the similar situation they have encountered in their own lives. It is true that the programs that have the greatest influence are the ones that deal in matters we have no knowledge of.